Early Industrial Revolution in Europe – 1815 to circa 1865 Mr. Darrell’s World History Molina High School Copyright © 2008, Ed Darrell

Industrial Revolution Why do we consider the Industrial Revolution important? Effects: Europe shifted from farm- and handicrafts-based economy, to an economy based on machines in factories

Industrial Revolution Five key factors set it up 1.Lots of food 2.Lots of people 3.Ready supply of money (capital) 4.Abundant natural resources 5.Markets to sell to

Industrial Revolution Lots of food 1.Farming practices changed; good weather helped. There was enough food to go around, a dramatic increase in the food supply.

Industrial Revolution Lots of people 2.With ample food supplies, population expanded; this provided a ready supply of labor, of workers, to staff the factories

Industrial Revolution Lots of money 3.Entrepreneurs sought to expand their fortunes, by investing. People in search of profits made the factories, pushed the inventions, drove the progress capital, entrepreneurs

Industrial Revolution Natural resources 4.Consider Britain: Rivers provided water power and transportation. Coal and iron ore meant steel, and railroads – use of steam engine was possible

Industrial Revolution Ready markets to sell to 5.Britain’s colonies were a ready outlet for goods; British merchant ships could transport. Trade, especially in cotton goods, pushed the development of machines and transportation

Industrial Revolution Key products for industrialization –Cotton –Coal –Iron Why were these products so important?

Industrial Revolution Cotton A cottage industry Key inventions made it industrial –Cotton ‘gin in U.S. –Flying shuttle –Spinning jenny –Water-powered loom –Steam engine By 1840, cotton was Britain’s most valuable product

Cotton ‘gin

Flying shuttle

Spinning jenny

Water powered looms

Power looms

Warm-up

Refrigerator Needed: Power compressor Electricity Industrial ammonia (and later cooling fluids) Benefits: Food storage and preparation Medicine Science

Carriages with internal combustion engines

Benefits: Speed Hauling power ‘Round the clock availability Inexpensive

Problems, effects Dependence on oil Pollution Land use Social issues –Romance –Isolation –Family and job structure

Electronic memory devices Benefits Amazing storage Drives other technologies Ease of use BUT Expensive Socially and culturally isolating

Quick and safe home appliances Requires: Utility hookup – gas or electric – or significant infrastructure to operate BUT Enormous benefits in time and cleanliness, including air pollution

And it continues... Innovation pace picks up New products wreak new social changes New products make new markets New products bring new problems (Coltan ore, for example)