Look what Luther Caused!!

Quick Review! In 1517,Luther mailed his document to his Bishop, but also nailed the pagesto the door of the Castle Church, which was In 1517,Luther mailed his document to his Bishop, but also nailed the pagesto the door of the Castle Church, which was normal for that time normal for that time period. period.

Luther defended by the Elector of Saxony, Frederick III. Frederick had him escorted to and from the Diet of Worms in Luther defended by the Elector of Saxony, Frederick III. Frederick had him escorted to and from the Diet of Worms in The topic was Luther and his 95 Theses specifically and the Reformation generally. The topic was Luther and his 95 Theses specifically and the Reformation generally. Questioned about books he had written. Questioned about books he had written. Diet was supposed to give judgement, he fled before they did. Diet was supposed to give judgement, he fled before they did.

Charles V’s Judgement “For this reason we forbid anyone from this time forward to dare, either by words or by deeds, to receive, defend, sustain, or favour the said Martin Luther. On the contrary, we want him to be apprehended and punished as a notorious heretic, as he deserves, to be brought personally before us, or to be securely guarded until those who have captured him inform us, whereupon we will order the appropriate manner of proceeding against the said Luther. Those who will help in his capture will be rewarded generously for their good work.” “For this reason we forbid anyone from this time forward to dare, either by words or by deeds, to receive, defend, sustain, or favour the said Martin Luther. On the contrary, we want him to be apprehended and punished as a notorious heretic, as he deserves, to be brought personally before us, or to be securely guarded until those who have captured him inform us, whereupon we will order the appropriate manner of proceeding against the said Luther. Those who will help in his capture will be rewarded generously for their good work.”

Charles V Complex Coat of arms because of complex ancestry. Complex Coat of arms because of complex ancestry. Related to powerful German, French, and Spanish families, and was Spanish Emperor as well as being the Holy Roman Emperor. Related to powerful German, French, and Spanish families, and was Spanish Emperor as well as being the Holy Roman Emperor.

Queen Elizabeth II

Why was he a heretic? 1. Challenged the authority of the Pope. 2. Challenged the sacraments by saying salvation was through faith alone. 3. Challenged Church authority by saying all non-scripture doctrines should be thrown away.

When asked to recant his statement, he said: When asked to recant his statement, he said: “…Unless I am convicted by Scripture and plain reason – I do not accept the authority of popes and councils, for they have contradicted each other – my conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and I will not recant anything, for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe…” “…Unless I am convicted by Scripture and plain reason – I do not accept the authority of popes and councils, for they have contradicted each other – my conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and I will not recant anything, for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe…”

Hiding He had impressed some princes by standing up for his faith. He had impressed some princes by standing up for his faith. Frederick III hid Luther in Wartburg Castle for a year. Frederick III hid Luther in Wartburg Castle for a year. Spent the time Spent the time translating the translating the New Testament. New Testament.

What he started. Became political because he needed princes’ support. Became political because he needed princes’ support. Different princes supported him. Different princes supported him. Important questions started being asked. -What is the relationship between secular power and the Church? -How does a person make decisions with competing authorities? -What is the relationship between individual conscience and authority? Important questions started being asked. -What is the relationship between secular power and the Church? -How does a person make decisions with competing authorities? -What is the relationship between individual conscience and authority?

The Peasants Serfs were having issues. Serfs were having issues. They saw Luther’s claims as support for their own concerns. -Nobles abusing authority -Taxing (against tradition) They saw Luther’s claims as support for their own concerns. -Nobles abusing authority -Taxing (against tradition) Some wanted to be free from serfdom, others wanted reduced rent and stolen land. Some wanted to be free from serfdom, others wanted reduced rent and stolen land.

Things get worse… In 1523 and 1524, there were crop failures. Why do you think this is important? In 1523 and 1524, there were crop failures. Why do you think this is important? In 1524, peasants decided to rebel against the princes of all sorts of areas. Over 250,000 took part. In 1524, peasants decided to rebel against the princes of all sorts of areas. Over 250,000 took part.

Luther’s Reaction to the revolt What do you guys think? Did he support it or not? What do you guys think? Did he support it or not? He condemned the peasants. He did not see his 95 Theses as social reform. He argued that the Bible did not deal with secular authority or economic gain (Pg.33) He condemned the peasants. He did not see his 95 Theses as social reform. He argued that the Bible did not deal with secular authority or economic gain (Pg.33)

Things Did start to change though. Some places did adopt his views. In those places, clergy married, monasteries closed, and secular powers became more important. Some places did adopt his views. In those places, clergy married, monasteries closed, and secular powers became more important. Schools started to teach the Bible, which educated people how to read (both men and women). Schools started to teach the Bible, which educated people how to read (both men and women). Women started to get more power at home, including the power to make money decisions. Women started to get more power at home, including the power to make money decisions.

Calvin and the spread of the Reformation John Calvin ( ) spread ideas further than Luther ever did. John Calvin ( ) spread ideas further than Luther ever did. He was born in France and had some of his own issues with the Church. He agreed with some of Luther’s points, but disagreed in others. He was born in France and had some of his own issues with the Church. He agreed with some of Luther’s points, but disagreed in others. His works were published more, and his version of Protestantism spread into England, Scotland, the Netherlands and Central and Eastern Europe. His works were published more, and his version of Protestantism spread into England, Scotland, the Netherlands and Central and Eastern Europe. In France, the protestants were called Huguenots. We will come back to this. In France, the protestants were called Huguenots. We will come back to this.

The Catholic Reformation Some within the Catholic Church accepted the need for change, and tried to start some. Some within the Catholic Church accepted the need for change, and tried to start some. New orders were created, like the Ursulines, a group of women dedicated to the sick and the poor, and the Jesuits; a group well- organized and versed in the teachings of the Bible. It was they who went to the new world to convert the natives. New orders were created, like the Ursulines, a group of women dedicated to the sick and the poor, and the Jesuits; a group well- organized and versed in the teachings of the Bible. It was they who went to the new world to convert the natives.

Ursulines

Jesuits

Council of Trent (1545) In 1545, Pope Paul III called the Council of Trent. They met until A few things happened: -Belief included scripture and tradition, -Bishops had to live in their own diocese, -Sale of Indulgences was ended. -Clergy had to be better trained and disciplined, -Seminaries established, -Celibacy enforced. In 1545, Pope Paul III called the Council of Trent. They met until A few things happened: -Belief included scripture and tradition, -Bishops had to live in their own diocese, -Sale of Indulgences was ended. -Clergy had to be better trained and disciplined, -Seminaries established, -Celibacy enforced.

Legacy of the Reformation Protestantism introduced new ideas and beliefs. Never again would the continent attempt to have one belief. Protestantism introduced new ideas and beliefs. Never again would the continent attempt to have one belief. Ideas spread because of an increase in literacy. Ideas spread because of an increase in literacy. Protestantism led to greater equality. Protestantism led to greater equality. PLURALISM became the new norm in Europe, the idea that a choice of beliefs and mindsets was the everyday norm. PLURALISM became the new norm in Europe, the idea that a choice of beliefs and mindsets was the everyday norm.