Unit 2 Review: Population

Vocab Demography Arithmetic population density: number of people/km 2 (or mile) Physiologic population density: number of people/km 2 (or mile) of arable land Agricultural density – number of farmers per arable land Ecumene – portion of Earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement Nonecumene – uninhabited or sparsely populated

Highest Population Density Region Country – pop/km 2 East Asia South Asia Southeast Asia Western Europe Monaco – 23, Singapore -6,369 Malta – 1,272 Maldives-1,105 Bahrain-1,047 Bangladesh -1,0456.

Some areas of North America’s population have clusters of high density areas – such as the megalopolis extending from Boston to Washington, DC. (de Blij 43) approx. with a population density of per sq. km New York Country has a population density of 67,000 / sq. mile (Rubenstein)

Overpopulation Carrying Capacity J-Curve – a graph representing exponential growth S-Curve – the flattened out part of the curve represents a population size consistent with and supportable by the exploitable resource base – have reached the homeostatic plateau

Note: Natural increase is produced from the excess of births over deaths. DTM: The Classic Stages

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Statistics for England YearCBRCDRPopulation

Population Statistics NIR TFR CDR CBR IMR Doubling Times Life Expectancy ZPG

Decline or Growth, Percent Russia (1.4) Italy (1.3) Trinidad & Tobago (1.6) Armenia (1.3) China (1.6) Country (average number of children per woman) Source: Population Reference Bureau, 2005 World Population Data Sheet. Countries with Low Fertility Thailand (1.7)

Population Pyramids Cohort Population (demographic) momentum

Typical pyramids

Government Population Policies Expansive Population Policies – ex. Europe Eugenic Population Policies – designed to favor one racial or cultural sector, ex. Japan Restrictive Population Policies – range from toleration of officially unapproved means of birth control to China’s one child only policy (de Blij) Swedish gov’t encouraging w/ little results Catholic countries prohibit birth control yet have slow growth in close by countries, higher growth farther away. Islamic countries experience opposite.

Malthus & Neo-Malthusian Malthus – English economist – without checks on the population, it will inevitably increase faster than the food supplies Neo-Malthusians – advocates of population control

Vocab Age distribution Carrying capacity Demographic equation Demographic regions Dependency ratio Diffusion of fertility control Disease diffusion Epidemiological Transition model Gendered space Maladaptation Mortality Natality Overpopulation Population explosion Population projection Rate of natural increase Sex ratio Standard of living Sustainability Underpopulation

Unit 2 Review: Migration

Types of Movement Cyclic Movement – daily routine takes them through a regular sequence of short moves within a local area – activity spaces –Commuting –Nomadism Periodic Movement – a longer routine but still results in returning home –Migrant labor –Transhumance – system of pastoral farming in which ranchers move with the livestock

Migration International / Internal (inter-regional) –THINK SCALE –Migration transition – stage 2 migrants (source countries) move to stage 4 countries (destination countries) Forced / Voluntary Chain Migration

Migration ??? Explanations/models/yada yada Push & Pull Factors –Economic (remittances) –Environmental –Cultural –Distance decay & intervening opportunities –Chain migration Ravenstein’s Law Gravity Model – size and distance affects number of migrants

Im- or E-migration Patterns US Immigration Wave Chart! European Immigration –Guest workers Emigrants from –Cuba –Vietnam –Haiti

Internal Migration Urban to Suburban – (counterurbanization) Or Rural to Urban

Immigration Restrictions 1920’s Quota Laws and National Origins Act – 2% of number already here Immigration Act of 1965 – hemisphere quotas 1978 global quota Preferences for family sponsored immigrants & Skilled workers or exceptionally talented professionals

Vocab Activity space Forced Gravity model Internal migration Intervening opportunity Migration patterns Intercontinental Interregional Rural-urban Migratory movement Periodic movement Personal space Place utility Space-time prism Step migration Transhumance Transmigration Voluntary