World is so diverse

Classification  The grouping of information or objects based on similarities  We classify things all the time (creates order)  Stores  Lane  Text Book

Classification  Taxonomy branch of biology that names and groups organisms

A good classification system  Places organisms in a group with other similar organisms  Uses names that are unique  Can change as new data is discovered  Shows relationships between organisms

ARISTOTLE

What is this?

 Pacific spiny lobster - rock lobster -crayfish Can get confusing. Real name is Panulirus interruptus

What is this called?

Common Names  Pill bug  Sow bug  Roly polies  Wood lice  Potato bug ………..all are common names for same bug Scientific name: Armadillidium vulgare

Need for naming system  We need to be able to identify/name each species  Common names: confusing  Scientific names: refer to one species ONLY that everyone uses

Carolus Linnaeus Swedish botanist who devised a new classification system This system is still used today!

The Linnaeus System  Organisms are grouped in a hierarchy of 7 different taxonomic levels or Taxons  Each organism has a two part scientific name =Binomial Nomenclature

Linnaean System  Hierarchical classification using seven categories or taxa, listed in order from largest to smallest groupings: (Domain was later added before kingdom)  Kingdom Kings  Phylum Play  Class Cards  Order On  Family Fine  Genus Grained  Species Sand Species - a group of individuals that actually or potentially interbreed in nature

Binomial Nomenclature: Hippocampus abdominalis is the scientific name for a big belly seahorse  Genus (first word)  Noun, Capitalized  Species (second word)  Descriptive, Lower Case Underlined or Italicized Humans - Homo sapiens Red Oak - Quercus rubra

Domains and Kingdoms 6 Kingdom System  Archaebacteria  Bacteria  Protista  Fungi  Plantae  Animalia 3 Domain System Archaea Bacteria Eukarya

Prokaryotes  Prokaryotes:  (pro- means before, and -karyote means nucleus)  First type of cells to evolve  Very small  Unicellular  Two Types: Archaebacteria and Eubacteria

Prokaryote Basic Structure

Common Prokaryote Shapes

EUKARYOTES  Emerged Billion years ago Kingdoms: Animals, Plants, Fungi, and Protists Characteristics: Complex structure with Nucleus and Membrane-Bound Organelles Unicellular and Multicellular

 The classification of the common dolphin is as follows:  PHYLUM: Chordata (all animals with backbones)  CLASS: Mammalia (all the mammals)  ORDER: Cetacea (whales and dolphins)  FAMILY: Delphinidae (dolphins and killer whales)  GENUS: Delphinus  SPECIES: delphis (unique combination of names for the common dolphin)

Some questions… 1) Which choice lists the groups in order of decreasing variety?  A. species, genus, family, phylum  B. genus, species, kingdom, phylum  C. kingdom, phylum, genus, species

Some questions… 2) Which choice is most closely related to Acer rubrum?  A. Rubrum acer  B. Acer saccharum  C. Quercus acer  D. Quercus rubrum

Some questions… 3) Which is an acceptable way to write the scientific name for humans?  A. Homo Sapiens  B. Homo Sapiens  C. homo sapiens  D. Homo sapiens

Some questions… 4) Which is true of two plants that belong in the same genus ?  A. they must be in the same family  B. they must be the same species  C. they must be the same color  D. they can't be in the same phylum

Some questions… 5) Who originated the system of binomial nomenclature ?  A. Darwin  B. Linnaeus  C. Hooke  D. Aristotle