The Holocaust Introduction Notes

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hol·o·caust (h l -kôst, h l -) n. 1. Great destruction resulting in the extensive loss of life, especially by fire. 2. Holocaust The genocide of European Jews and others by the Nazis during World War II: b. A massive slaughter HOLOCAUST

-Before World War I (1914–1918) devastated Europe and created new countries. -struggle to recover from the death or injury of tens of millions of soldiers and civilians, as well as catastrophic damage to property and industry -In 1933, over 9 million Jews lived in Europe (1.7% of the total population)— working and raising families in the harsh reality of the worldwide economic depression Adolf Hitler appointed as German chancellor on January 30, the Nazi state-citizens had no guaranteed basic rights first concentration camps established -Extensive propaganda was used to spread the Nazi Party’s racist goals and ideals World War II -Nazi Germany and its allies conquered much of Europe -German officials confiscated Jewish property, in many places required Jews to wear identifying armbands, and established ghettos and forced-labor camps. -In June 1941, Germany turned on its ally, the Soviet Union. -Attack on Pearl Harbor TIMELINE OF THE HOLOCAUST

Allies United Kingdom (Great Britain, Scotland & N. Ireland) U.S.A. France USSR (Soviet Union, Russia) Australia Belgium Brazil Canada China Denmark Greece Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland South Africa Yugoslavia Czechoslovakia Estonia India Latvia Lithuania Malta Axis Powers Germany Italy Japan Neutral Countries Republic of Ireland Spain Sweden Switzerland Afghanistan Portugal WORLD WAR II

In a period marked by intense fighting on both the eastern and western fronts of World War II, Nazi Germany also intensified its pursuit of the “Final Solution”. -systematic deportations of millions of Jews to increasingly efficient killing centers using poison gas. -By the end of the war in spring 1945, as the Germans and their Axis partners were pushed back on both fronts, Allied troops uncovered the full extent of crimes committed during the Holocaust. -After When Allied troops entered the concentration camps, they discovered piles of corpses, bones, and human ashes—testimony to Nazi mass murder. Soldiers also found thousands of survivors—Jews and non-Jews—suffering from starvation and disease. For survivors, the prospect of rebuilding their lives was daunting. With few possibilities for emigration, tens of thousands of homeless Holocaust survivors were housed in displaced persons (DP) camps. In the following years, many international and domestic courts conducted trials of accused war criminals. TIMELINE OF THE HOLOCAUST

-Over 6 million Jewish men, women, and children were killed in the Holocaust. -While it classified Jews as the priority “enemy,” the Nazi ideological concept of race targeted other groups for persecution, imprisonment, and annihilation, including Roma (Gypsies), people with disabilities, and Soviet prisoners of war. The Nazis also identified political dissidents, Jehovah’s Witnesses, homosexuals, and so-called asocials as enemies and security risks either because they consciously opposed the Nazi regime or some aspect of their behavior did not fit Nazi perceptions of social norms. -They sought to eliminate non-conformists and so-called racial threats through a self- purge of German society. VICTIMS OF THE HOLOCAUST

Diary of Ann Frank VICTIM: ANNE FRANK

HITLER Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party, commonly known as the Nazi Party. He was Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and served as head of state as Führer from 1934 to Hitler is most remembered for his central leadership role in the rise of fascism in Europe, World War II and the Holocaust.

Genocide is the deliberate and systematic destruction, in whole or in part, of an ethnic, racial, religious, or national group.[ [ GENOCIDE

Of the approximately 6 million Jews murdered in the Holocaust, more than half were systematically exterminated in the highly rationalized gas chamber/crematorium system of the Nazi Death Camps between 1942 and CONCENTRATION CAMPS

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