National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center Current Trends in Microgravity Science & Technology Gravity-Related Phenomena.

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center Current Trends in Microgravity Science & Technology Gravity-Related Phenomena in Space Exploration Research and Technology The NASA Glenn Acceleration Measurement Projects Two Decades and Counting of Acceleration Measurement and Support SAMS Team Kevin McPherson Jennifer Keller Eric Kelly Ken Hrovat 1

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center 1.Acronyms 2.Science support/customers 3.Highlights of a microgravity community feedback model 4.Timeline of acceleration system deployment 5.Location of acceleration sensor deployment 6.SAMS mission support 7.How much acceleration data? 8.Characterization of microgravity environment/events 9.Impacts on microgravity science 10.Moving forward Outline 2

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center 3 ACRONYMDefinition ATVAutomated Transfer Vehicle CIRCombustion Integrated Rack DECLICDEvice for the study of Critical LIquids and Crystallization FIRFluids Integrated Rack GRCGlenn Research Center HiRAPHigh Resolution Accelerometer Package MAMSMicrogravity Acceleration Measurement System MEIS Marangoni Experiment in Space NASANational Aeronautics and Space Administration OAREOrbital Acceleration Research Experiment OSSOARE Sensor Subsystem PIMSPrincipal Investigator Microgravity Services RTSRemote Triaxial Sensor SAMSSpace Acceleration Measurement System SESensor Enclosure SODISelectable Optical Diagnostics Instrument SOFBALLStructure Of Flame Balls At Low Lewis-number TSH-ESTriaxial Sensor Head Ethernet Standalone

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center 1.Acronyms 2.Science support/customers 3.Highlights of a microgravity community feedback model 4.Timeline of acceleration system deployment 5.Location of acceleration sensor deployment 6.SAMS mission support 7.How much acceleration data? 8.Characterization of microgravity environment/events 9.Impacts on microgravity science 10.Moving forward Outline 4

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center Science Support/Customers 5 NASA’s Physical Sciences Research Program conducts fundamental & applied research with experiments in various disciplines such as… Fluid Physics Combustion Science Materials Science Fundamental Physics SAMS/MAMS were designed to support these various science disciplines and these instruments along with PIMS play an ongoing role in support of vehicle/loads monitoring collaboration SOFBALL DECLIC FIRCIR SODIMEIS

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center 1.Acronyms 2.Science support/customers 3.Highlights of a microgravity community feedback model 4.Timeline of acceleration system deployment 5.Location of acceleration sensor deployment 6.SAMS mission support 7.How much acceleration data? 8.Characterization of microgravity environment/events 9.Impacts on microgravity science 10.Moving forward Outline 6

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center Highlights of Microgravity Community Feedback Model 7 HIGHLIGHTS Real-Time Displays: Acceleration Data Archive: Characterization Handbook:

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center 1.Acronyms 2.Science support/customers 3.Highlights of a microgravity community feedback model 4.Timeline of acceleration system deployment 5.Location of acceleration sensor deployment 6.SAMS mission support 7.How much acceleration data? 8.Characterization of microgravity environment/events 9.Impacts on microgravity science 10.Moving forward Outline 8

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center YEAR 9 Timeline of NASA GRC System Deployment RRS (0.1 arc/s) 1 sounding rocket, 1 shuttle TSH-FF (0.01 to 200 Hz) 3 sounding rocket, 2 shuttle 2012 MAMS HiRAP (0.01 to 100 Hz) Station Vibratory MAMS OSS (DC to 1 Hz) Station Quasi-Steady SAMS RTS (Ethernet Distributed) (0.01 to 400 Hz) Station Vibratory SAMS TSH-ES (Compact Ethernet Standalone) (0.01 to 400 Hz) Station Vibratory

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center SAMS Shuttle Missions 10

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center 11 Collectively, SAMS & MAMS Sensors Have Been Mounted in 21 Unique Locations Previous Current Location of NASA GRC ISS Sensor Deployment

12 Current SAMS and MAMS Sensor Locations SAMS SE F02, MSG upper left seat track SE F03, ER2 lower Z panel SE F04, ER1 lower Z panel SE F05, ER4 drawer 2 SE F08, ER3 seat track TSH-ES05, CIR TSH-ES06, FIR MAMS ER1

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center SAMS Mission Support ISS 2012 ISS This slide courtesy of Richard DeLombard

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center 1.Acronyms 2.Science support/customers 3.Highlights of a microgravity community feedback model 4.Timeline of acceleration system deployment 5.Location of acceleration sensor deployment 6.SAMS mission support 7.How much acceleration data? 8.Characterization of microgravity environment/events 9.Impacts on microgravity science 10.Moving forward Outline 14

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center How Much Acceleration Data? 15 Since May of 2001 on the ISS, SAMS and MAMS have collected ~ todayMay 2001 Monthly % of Time Coverage ~50% in Dec. of 2011 b/c this slide was made about mid- December

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center 1.Acronyms 2.Science support/customers 3.Highlights of a microgravity community feedback model 4.Timeline of acceleration system deployment 5.Location of acceleration sensor deployment 6.SAMS mission support 7.How much acceleration data? 8.Characterization of microgravity environment/events 9.Impacts on microgravity science 10.Moving forward Outline 16

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center General Characterization Components of Microgravity Environment 17 Frequency (Hz) Acceleration (ug) 1 g  1 ug  orbital effectscrewpumps, fans, etc.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center General Characterization Components of Microgravity Environment 18

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center hours spectrogram: a roadmap that shows boundaries & structure in time & frequency Basic Characterization Some Components of Shuttle Environment spectrogram: a roadmap that shows boundaries & structure in time & frequency

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center Summary Characterization 20 Exercise Vehicle structural modes SLEEP WAKE Centrifuge Antenna dither 1 2 LSLE refrigerator compressors span > 15 days Principal Component Spectral Analysis serves to summarize acceleration spectrum

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center 21 Detail Characterization ISS initial contact driving latches

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center 22 Reboost statistics for 24 reboost events Detail Characterization ISS

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center 23 Fatigue Analysis ISS

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center 24 Fatigue Analysis ISS station structural modes ISS structural dynamics info from Mike Laible (Boeing)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center DEvice for the study of Critical LIquids and Crystallization (DECLIC) ISS 25 Captured recent voice loop call regarding DECLIC turn off time, which resulted in the following handbook pages… Qualify Quantify

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center Marangoni Experiment in Space (MEIS) ISS 26 Plot courtesy of Marcus Dejmek

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center Marangoni Experiment in Space (MEIS) ISS 27 Plot courtesy of Marcus Dejmek ~0.25 to ~0.27 Hz is “front T moving back and forth” [Mike Laible, JSC/Boeing]

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center 1.Acronyms 2.Science support/customers 3.Highlights of a microgravity community feedback model 4.Timeline of acceleration system deployment 5.Location of acceleration sensor deployment 6.SAMS mission support 7.How much acceleration data? 8.Characterization of microgravity environment/events 9.Impacts on microgravity science 10.Moving forward Outline 28

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center Impacts on Shuttle Microgravity Science 29 Near real-time support to investigators… Example: SOFBALL experiment sensitive to impulsive disturbances during execution of test points. PIMS: Correlate OARE data with SOFBALL science data. Results: SOFBALL team had justification needed to request periods of STS “free drift” (no thrusters) in order to conduct their experiment.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center 30 2 spectral peaks arise from shoulder sway & pedaling rate with excitation of Shuttle structural 3.5 and 4.8 Hz Impacts/Crew Exercise: Shuttle

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center 31 Impacts/Crew Exercise: ISS The Combined Operational Load Bearing External Resistance Treadmill (COLBERT), technically named the Treadmill 2 (T2) derived from the Treadmill with Vibration Isolation Stabilization System (TVIS)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center Ongoing microgravity acceleration services are available for principal investigators, structural studies, sustaining engineering plus microgravity community at-large (JAXA, ESA, CSA, etc.) SAMS has the ability to instrument and measure in all 3 laboratories (LAB, JPM, COL) for the vibratory regime MAMS has the ability to measure quasi-steady acceleration and map to arbitrary locations on the ISS (rigid body assumed). Moving Forward 32

That sure was a lot to take in… 33 …is probably what you’re thinking, what with 20 years of acceleration data measurement and all, but try not to sweat it…there’s more to come.