Histology Muscle / Membranes / Disease Lambert Anatomy and Phys.

VII. Muscle (3rd type tissue) General Function: –Movement, generate heat 3 types muscle tissue 1. Skeletal 2. Smooth (visceral) 3. Cardiac

1.Skeletal muscle: Aka: voluntary, striated Structure: multinucleated, striated Function: movement, generate heat Location: muscular system 2. Smooth (visceral) involuntary Structure: tapered cell, no striations location: walls of hollow organs, stomach, intestines, blood vessels, hair follicle Function: pump blood throughout body, works in conjunction with nervous and respiratory systems

Skeletal tissue

Smooth Muscle

3.Cardiac: involuntary striated Structure: cardiocytes, intercalated discs (connect each cardiocyte to each other so heart beats as one unit) Function: pump blood throughout body, works in conjunction with nervous and respiratory systems

Cardiac tissue

VII. Nervous Tissue Nervous system consists of : –Brain –Spinal cord –nerves Function: regulate and integrate activities of body

2 types of nerves 1. Neurons : conducting cells 2.Neuroglia : supports neurons Neuron structure: soma = cell body, contains organelles axon - carries signal away from cell body dendrite- carries singnal toward cell body

Neuron

IX. Body Membranes Membrane - thin sheetlike structure Function: 1. Covers and protects body surfaces 2. Lines body cavities 3. Covers inner surfaces of hollow organs 4. Anchor organs 5. Secrete lubricating fluids to decrease friction

2 types of membranes: 1 Epithelial 2. Connective

1.Epithelial membrane Epithelial tissue and connective tissue 3 types of Epithelial Membranes 1. Cutaneous covers body surfaces exposed to ext. environment Ex. Skin (16% of body weight)

2.Serous Membrane Lines cavities NOT open to external environment and covers many of organs inside cavities Ex. parietal membrane: lines wall of cavity Visceral memb. - covers surface of organs Pleura memb. - surrounds lungs Peritoneium - covers and lines abdominal cavity Pericardium - surrounds heart

3.Mucous Membrane epithelial membrane lines body surfaces opening directly to external Ex. Lining of respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive tracts

2nd type membrane- connective tissue membrane DOES NOT contain epithelial cells Ex. Synovial membranes - lines spaces between bones and joints and contains synovial fluid to help reduce friction

X. Disease and Tissue Neoplasms -abnormal growth of cells (tumors) –Classifie as benign or malignant Benign - Cells DO NOT spread to other tissues and ususally grow very slowly Malignant cells tend to grow faster and spread hyperplasia- uncontrolled cell division anaplasia - uncontrolled division of abnormal cells

3 types Neoplasms 1. Epithelial tumors 2. Connective tissue tumors 3. Miscellaneous tumors

1.Epithelial tumors Benign- papilloma - fingerlike projections adenoma - glandular tumor nevus - small pigmented skin tumors Malignant carcinomas - malignancy of epithelial tissue melanoma - cancer of skin pigment cells adenocarcinoma - glandular cancer

2.Connective Tissue Tumors Benign Osteoma - bone tumor lipoma - adipose tumor chondroma - cartilage tumor Malignant tumors sarcomas lymphoma - lymphatic cancer