Hypnosis and Drugs Music:“Cigarette” By Jeremy Fisher “Addicted” By Simple Plan

Lecture #6: Agenda Dream interpretation (cont’d from last week) Dream interpretation (cont’d from last week) 1. Hypnosis: a) Demonstration 1. Hypnosis: a) Demonstration b) Definition b) Definition c) Susceptibility c) Susceptibility d) Facts & Falsehood d) Facts & Falsehood e) Theories e) Theories 2. Drugs: 2. Drugs: a) Alcohol a) Alcohol b) Marijuana b) Marijuana c) Ecstasy and others c) Ecstasy and others 3. Drug Dependence 3. Drug Dependence 4. Factors in Drug Use 4. Factors in Drug Use 5. Tutorial on Meditation 5. Tutorial on Meditation

1. Hypnosis 1. Hypnosis a) Demonstration using common induction procedure

1. Hypnosis 1. Hypnosis b) Definition: b) Definition: “Systematic procedure that typically produces a heightened state of suggestibility.” (p.201) “Systematic procedure that typically produces a heightened state of suggestibility.” (p.201) c) Susceptibility: c) Susceptibility: Hypnotic ability is normally distributed (10% not hypnotizable/ 10% highly hypnotizable) Hypnotic ability is normally distributed (10% not hypnotizable/ 10% highly hypnotizable) Associated traits: Associated traits: absorption, imaginativeness, rich fantasy life absorption, imaginativeness, rich fantasy life Imaginative suggestibility Imaginative suggestibility

1. Hypnosis (cont’d)  d) Facts and Falsehood:  What hypnosis can do: Alleviate pain Alleviate pain Sensory distortions Sensory distortions Treatment of hypertension, migraines, allergies Treatment of hypertension, migraines, allergies  What hypnosis cannot do: Age regression/ Regression into past lives Age regression/ Regression into past lives Make people act against their will Make people act against their will Recover lost memories Recover lost memories  e) Theories of Hypnosis  Role enactment theory  Hypnosis as an altered state/ dissociation  Unification of views

2. Drugs  a) Alcohol:  Effects: slows down brain activity that controls judgment, inhibitions and motor coordination.  Accidents: BAC & driving  Violent crime: rape & domestic violence  Binge drinking in university students  Diagnosis of a drinking problem  Complications associated with chronic use: emotional emotional social social physical (p.221) physical (p.221)

2. Drugs (cont’d) b) Cannabis: b) Cannabis: Effects: mild hallucinogen;amplifies sensitivity to colors, sounds, tastes & smells Effects: mild hallucinogen;amplifies sensitivity to colors, sounds, tastes & smells Associated problems Associated problems c) Ecstasy (MDMA) c) Ecstasy (MDMA) Effects: euphoria, energy, emotional bonding and empathy Effects: euphoria, energy, emotional bonding and empathy Physical consequences: damage to serotonin pathways Physical consequences: damage to serotonin pathways Long term impairments in memory, mood and personality Long term impairments in memory, mood and personality

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3. Drug Dependence: Criteria  Psychoactive Drug Dependence DSM IV: (3 or more)  Substance taken in larger amounts than intended  Desire and unsuccessful attempts to cut back  Considerable time spent obtaining the substance  Inability to fulfill role obligations & curtailing important activities due to substance  Marked tolerance  Withdrawal symptoms

4. Factors in Drug Abuse a) Nature of the drug a) Nature of the drug b) Biological predisposition b) Biological predisposition e.g. alcoholism e.g. alcoholism c) Psychological factors: c) Psychological factors: Depression/anxiety Depression/anxiety Escape from painful self-awareness Escape from painful self-awareness d) Social factors: d) Social factors: Peers Peers Family background Family background

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