AN AGE OF EXPANSIONISM Chapter 13

Borderlands of the 1830s Americans begin settling in – Oregon territory (joint U.S., English claim) – New Mexico territory (owned by Mexico) – California (owned by Mexico) “Manifest Destiny” becomes a slogan of those believing the U.S. divinely ordained to encompass Mexico and Canada (John O’ Sullivan 1845)

Question to ponder!!! Who has more claim to a piece of land-an absentee owner or a person who takes care of it?

The Texas Revolution 1820s: Americans encouraged to move into Texas but they never fully accepted Mexican rules (slavery and Catholicism) 1835: Armed rebellion breaks and Texans declare independence 1836 Mexican forces defeated and forced to sign a treaty recognizing Texas Jackson refuses to annex Texas

Questions to think about!!! Have any of you moved to a new community, switched schools, or experienced a major change in your lives? How could it be positive or negative?

Trails of Trade and Settlement 1830’s-1840’s Several trade routes are created to get into western territories – Santa Fe Trail closed to U.S. because Texas – Oregon Trail for settlers to the Oregon country – Mormon trail (Mormons settle in Utah b/c of religious persecution) Oregon settlers demand an end to joint U.S.-British occupation

The Liberty Party Swings the Election of 1844

James K. Polk-Democratic ( ) Domestic Policy Polk runs on expansionist platform Texas annexed by joint resolution shortly before Polk inaugurated Wilmont Proviso Manifest Destiny ultimately limited by racism and slavery question Foreign Policy “54’ 40” or fight” – 1846 Polk tells British that joint occupation no longer acceptable – England prepares for war but decides to compromise with division of Oregon along 49 o parallel 1846 Mexican-American War 1848 U.S. wins war/Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo – Rio Grande becomes southern border – New Mexico, California ceded to U.S. – U.S. pays Mexico $15 million

Internal Expansionism and Migration “Young Americans” link territorial growth to other material achievements – Technological innovation—e.g. telegraph – Transportation improvements – Growth of trade – Mass immigration Discovery of California gold (1849) inspires transcontinental projects Railroads begin displacing canals Mass production, the division of labor makes production more efficient – Factory system emerges – Farms become mechanized

Immigration to the United States, 1820–1860

End Questions What problems might come about from poor European immigrants coming into the United States? What problems might come about from the Industrialization of the United States?