Motivation 1

What is Motivation? Motivation Theories –Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs –McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y Tips for Keeping Subordinates MotivatedOverview 2

MOTIVATION: an impulse, emotion, desire or psychological need acting as incitement to action. Kanfer’s view: motivation is anything that provides: Webster’s Definition 3 DirectionIntensityPersistence

Getting people doing what needs to be done because they want to do it. Motivation Defined 4 MOTIVATION MOTIVATION IS INTERNAL

Begins with need Action to address need Need satisfied Motivation’s Three Steps 5

Motivation Chain Motivation Defined 6 Ability Desire Reward

Psychoanalytic – outside influences affect Motivation Behaviorist – behavior modification affects motivation Human Relations – allowing more individual authority affects motivation Psychological Schools of Thought 7

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 8 Self- Actualization Ego Belonging Safety Survival

Supervisory Qualities Enhanced by Knowing 9 - A lower level need must be satisfied before the next higher level becomes important in motivating behavior And - Only relatively unsatisfied needs are capable of motivating people - A lower level need must be satisfied before the next higher level becomes important in motivating behavior And - Only relatively unsatisfied needs are capable of motivating people

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 10 Self- Actualization Ego Belonging Safety Survival

Clothing Food ShelterSurvival 11

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 12 Self- Actualization Ego Belonging Safety Survival

Safety 13 Physical SafetyPsychological Safety Physical Safety Psychological Safety Home Health Job Retirement From Harm Insurance Savings

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 14 Self- Actualization Ego Belonging Safety Survival

Belonging 15 Love Acceptance Approval Warmth

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 16 Self- Actualization Ego Belonging Safety Survival

Esteem - Ego 17 Recognition Worth Status Self-respect

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 18 Self- Actualization Ego Belonging Safety Survival

19 Personal Growth Realizing Potential Self-FulfillmentSelf-Actualization

Reminder 20 -A lower level need must be satisfied before the next higher level becomes important in motivating behavior - Only relatively unsatisfied needs are capable of motivating people -A lower level need must be satisfied before the next higher level becomes important in motivating behavior - Only relatively unsatisfied needs are capable of motivating people

McGregor’s Theory X and Y

McGregor’s Theory X 22 People, by nature, don’t like to work People lack ambition and must be coerced or forced to work People prefer to be told what to do People resist change People are gullible and not overly intelligent

McGregor’s Theory X 23 Hard Approach –Coercion –Tight controls over behavior

Soft Approach Satisfying People’s Demands Achieving Harmony McGregor’s Theory X 24

McGregor’s Theory Y 25 People may actively seek work instead of avoiding it People prefer participative management People prefer setting their own goals People seek responsibility

Theory X – External control – Hard and soft approach Theory Y – Internal or self- control – Environment approach – Create opportunities McGregor’s Theories: A Comparative Snapshot 26

Start with a goal or mission Make the task clear Match the people with the task Remove the roadblocks Give positive feedback Tips for Keeping Subordinates Motivated 27

Tips for Keeping Subordinates Motivated 28 Give more responsibility when appropriate Let people work independently Recognize achievements / contributions Don’t make promises you can’t keep Be a good role model

What is Motivation? Motivation Theories –Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs –McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y Tips for Keeping Subordinates MotivatedSummary 29