Metals 1. Occurrence LO: I know how metals occur in nature.

Of the 90 naturally occurring elements, are metals. 70 Most metals are found in nature as . compounds Unreactive metals don’t form compounds in nature: e.g. and . gold silver Gold and silver are found as elements in the soil. They were the first metals to be discovered. Most metals need to be from compounds before they are used. extracted LO: I know how metals occur in nature.

2. Properties LO: I know some properties and uses of metals.

is used in construction. Iron Metals have many properties which makes them useful for a variety of jobs. Strength: is used in construction. Iron Buildings Bridges Malleability: Metals can be and . rolled shaped Car body panels LO: I know some properties and uses of metals.

Electrical Conductivity: Metals conduct electricity when and . solid liquid Copper is used to make wires. Heat Conductivity: Metals are conductors of heat. good Many pots are made of aluminium. Density: Low density is used to make aircraft. titanium High density is used to make radiation shielding. lead LO: I know some properties and uses of metals.

Of the 90 naturally occurring elements, how many are metals? Quiz Of the 90 naturally occurring elements, how many are metals? 60 70 80

Which of the following metals is found as an element in nature? Quiz Which of the following metals is found as an element in nature? gold tin lead

Quiz The main reason for using aluminium to make electrical wires is because: A it is a good conductor of heat. B it is a good conductor of electricity. C it is very strong. D it has a very high density.

Quiz Lead is used to make boot soles for deep sea divers because: A it is a good conductor of heat. B it is a good conductor of electricity. C it is very strong. D it has a very high density.

Quiz Which of the following is not a reason for using copper to make water pipes: A it is a good conductor of heat. B it is malleable. C it is strong. D it does not react with water.

3. Alloys LO: I know what is meant by an alloy.

Some alloys are a mixture of metals with . non-metals An alloy is a of metals. mixture Some alloys are a mixture of metals with . non-metals The properties of an alloy are to the properties of the metals in the mixture. different Alloy Mixture Use brass bronze solder steel copper, zinc hinges, door handles copper, tin statues tin, lead connection pipes and wires iron, carbon construction The properties change as the of the mixture are changed. proportions LO: I know what is meant by an alloy.

Which word means a mixture of metals? Quiz Which word means a mixture of metals? alloy alley allay

“Some alloys can contain Quiz “Some alloys can contain non-metals” True False

Which of the following is an alloy? Quiz Which of the following is an alloy? zinc solder cobalt

Which of the following is an alloy? Quiz Which of the following is an alloy? bismuth tungsten nitinol

Every type of steel alloy contains which element? Quiz Every type of steel alloy contains which element? Iron Carbon Chromium

Quiz You change the melting point of the alloy, solder, when you change: A the temperature you heat it to. B the proportions of the metals. C the lumps into powder form. D the size of the flame.

4. Metals and Water LO: I know which metals react with water.

aluminium magnesium calcium sodium Experiment aluminium magnesium calcium sodium LO: I know which metals react with water.

Increasing reactivity Order of reactivity: sodium calcium Increasing reactivity magnesium aluminium does not react with water at all. Aluminium LO: I know which metals react with water.

+ + + + + + In general: Some metals react with water to produce a metal and . hydroxide hydrogen metal hydroxide + + metal water hydrogen For example: calcium hydroxide + + calcium water hydrogen lithium hydroxide + + lithium water hydrogen LO: I know which metals react with water.

5. Testing for Hydrogen LO: I know how to collect and test hydrogen gas.

calcium burning calcium pop! Experiment Hydrogen gas can be produced by reacting with water. calcium A splint is placed at the mouth of the test tube. burning Hydrogen burns with a . calcium pop! LO: I know how to collect and test hydrogen gas.

“magnesium metal reacts quickly with cold water” Quiz “magnesium metal reacts quickly with cold water” True False

“sodium metal reacts violently with cold water” Quiz “sodium metal reacts violently with cold water” True False

“when metals react with water they produce oxygen gas” Quiz “when metals react with water they produce oxygen gas” True False

Which of the following metals does not react with water? Quiz Which of the following metals does not react with water? aluminium calcium lithium

Which of the following metals is the most reactive with cold water? Quiz Which of the following metals is the most reactive with cold water? sodium calcium lithium

Quiz When sodium reacts with water the products are: A sodium oxide and hydrogen. B sodium hydride and oxygen. C sodium hydroxide and hydrogen. D sodium hydride and oxygen.

Quiz The test for hydrogen is: A relights a glowing splint. B burns with a pop. C turns lime water cloudy. D puts out a burning splint.

6. Metals and Acid LO: I know which metals react with acid.

copper iron zinc magnesium Experiment copper iron zinc magnesium LO: I know which metals react with acid.

Increasing reactivity Order of reactivity: magnesium zinc Increasing reactivity iron copper does not react with acid at all. Copper LO: I know which metals react with acid.

+ + + + + + In general: Some metals react with acid to produce a metal and . salt hydrogen metal salt + + metal acid hydrogen For example: iron chloride + + hydrochloric acid iron hydrogen zinc chloride + + hydrochloric acid zinc hydrogen LO: I know which metals react with acid.

“zinc metal reacts quickly with acid” Quiz “zinc metal reacts quickly with acid” True False

“magnesium metal reacts quickly with acid” Quiz “magnesium metal reacts quickly with acid” True False

“when metals react with acid they produce hydrogen gas” Quiz “when metals react with acid they produce hydrogen gas” True False

Which of the following metals does not react with acid? Quiz Which of the following metals does not react with acid? copper iron zinc

Which of the following metals is the most reactive with acid? Quiz Which of the following metals is the most reactive with acid? zinc magnesium aluminium

Quiz When nickel reacts with hydrochloric acid the products are: A nickel chloride and hydrogen. B nickel chloride and oxygen. C nickel chlorate and hydrogen. D nickel chlorate and hydrogen.

Quiz The test for hydrogen is: A relights a glowing splint. B burns with a pop. C turns lime water cloudy. D puts out a burning splint.

7. Making a Salt LO: I know how a salt can be made from a metal and acid.

magnesium sulphate solution Making a Salt Aim: To make a sample of the salt magnesium sulphate by reacting magnesium with sulphuric acid. Diagram: filter paper filter funnel magnesium sulphate solution sulphuric acid magnesium heat LO: I know how a salt can be made from a metal and acid.

1. cm3 of sulphuric acid (1M) was added to a beaker. 25 Method: 1. cm3 of sulphuric acid (1M) was added to a beaker. 25 2. Pieces of magnesium were added to the acid until it stopped . fizzing filtered 3. The mixture was . water 4. The solution was heated to remove the . Result: magnesium sulphate A white solid ( ) was produced. Conclusion: Magnesium sulphate salt can be made by reacting magnesium sulphate with sulphuric acid, the mixture and then the water. filtering evaporating LO: I know how to make a salt from a metal and acid.

8. Types of Salt LO: I know how to name a salt from the reactants.

The name of a salt comes from a and the it was reacted with. metal acid For example: zinc sulphate from metal from acid In general: hydrochloric acid metal chlorides sulphuric acid metal sulphates nitric acid metal nitrates LO: I know how to name a salt from the reactants.

+ + + + + + + + + + For example: calcium sulphate hydrogen calcium sulphuric acid + nickel nitrate + hydrogen nickel nitric acid + lead nitrate + hydrogen lead nitric acid + tin sulphate + hydrogen tin sulphuric acid + iron chloride + hydrogen iron hydrochloric acid + LO: I know how to name a salt from the reactants.

9. Collecting and Testing Oxygen LO: I know how to collect and test a sample of oxygen.

To collect a sample of oxygen and perform the test for oxygen. Aim: To collect a sample of oxygen and perform the test for oxygen. Diagram: oxygen Hydrogen peroxide + Manganese dioxide water LO: I know how to collect and test a sample of oxygen.

1. A boiling tube was filled with oxygen as shown in the . diagram Method: 1. A boiling tube was filled with oxygen as shown in the . diagram 2. A splint was placed in the tube of oxygen. glowing Result: relit The glowing splint . Conclusion: Oxygen can be collected under . A splint in oxygen. This is the for oxygen. water glowing relights test LO: I know how to collect and test a sample of oxygen.

9. Metals and Oxygen LO: I know which metals react with oxygen.

To find out how metals react with oxygen. Aim: To find out how metals react with oxygen. Diagram: ceramic wool metal potassium permanganate heat heat LO: I know which metals react with oxygen.

Metal Observation Results: Magnesium Zinc Copper Very bright white glow Bright white glow Dull orange glow Conclusion: Increasing reactivity magnesium zinc copper LO: I know which metals react with oxygen.

+ + + In general: Some metals react with oxygen to produce a metal . oxide metal oxide + metal oxygen For example: zinc oxide + zinc oxygen iron oxide + iron oxygen Metals reacting with oxygen is known as . oxidation LO: I know which metals react with oxygen.

10. Reactivity of Metals LO: I know how metals differ in reactivity.

The reactivity of metals can be shown in a list called the reactivity series. potassium sodium lithium calcium magnesium aluminium zinc iron tin lead copper silver gold platinum Reacts with water Reacts with acid Reacts with oxygen LO: I know how metals differ in reactivity.

11. Corrosion LO: I know what is meant by corrosion of a metal.

A metal corrodes when the surface atoms react to form a compound. An uncorroded metal is in appearance. shiny A corroded metal is in appearance. dull Different metals corrode at different rates: corrodes very quickly. sodium hardly corrodes at all. gold Metals corrode fastest when they are exposed to . air Corrosion is also an example of . oxidation LO: I know what is meant by corrosion of a metal.

12. The Cause of Corrosion LO: I know what causes corrosion.

Experiment oil water nail drying agent water only water & oxygen oxygen only LO: I know what causes corrosion.

The iron only rusts when and are present. water oxygen Result: The iron only rusts when and are present. water oxygen Only the corrosion of is called rusting. iron The rusting of iron can be speeded up by: Adding salt. Adding acid. Heating it up. LO: I know what causes corrosion.

13. Test for Rusting LO: I know how to test for rusting.

The presence of rusting is detected using . indicator: rust rust indicator Rust indicator changes colour from to in the presence of rust. yellow blue LO: I know how to test for rusting.

14. Preventing Rusting LO: I know some physical methods of stopping iron from rusting.

A surface barrier can be used to stop and getting to the iron. water oxygen Painting, for example: - . Forth bridge - . Car bodywork Greasing or Oiling, for example: - . Door hinges - . Bicycle chain LO: I know physical methods of stopping iron from rusting.

Coating with plastic, for example: - . Fence wire - . Wire baskets Electroplating. (covering one metal with a layer of another using electricity). - . Chrome pipes - . Jewellery LO: I know physical methods of stopping iron from rusting.

15. Electroplating LO: I know what is meant by electroplating.

Electroplating is covering one metal with another using . electricity Nickel plating on copper: nickel copper nickel plating solution LO: I know the reactions involved in electroplating.

During the plating process: The strip gets smaller in mass. nickel A layer of forms on the copper strip. nickel Electroplating iron with a layer of makes it look and stops and from getting to the iron below. chromium shiny water oxygen LO: I know the reactions involved in electroplating.

16. Chemical Protection of Iron LO: I know chemical methods of stopping iron from rusting.

If iron is connected to a reactive metal it will not corrode. more e.g. iron and magnesium rust indicator magnesium The reactive metal corrodes instead of the iron. more This is called protection. sacrificial LO: I know chemical methods of stopping iron from rusting.

If iron is connected to a HOWEVER: If iron is connected to a reactive metal it will corrode faster than normal. less rust indicator copper e.g. iron and copper The iron to protect the copper from corrosion. rusts LO: I know chemical methods of stopping iron from rusting.

16. Galvanising LO: I know what is meant by galvanising iron.

Galvanising is coating iron with a layer of . zinc The iron objects are dipped into molten zinc. This provides double protection: Physical protection from and . water oxygen - Chemical protection as zinc is reactive than iron. more LO: I know what is meant by galvanising iron.