Modern Chemistry Chapter 8 Chemical Equations and Reactions Sections 1, 2 & 3 Describing Chemical Reactions Types of Chemical Reactions Activity Series of the Elements Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284 Synthesis reaction Decomposition reaction Electrolysis Single-displacement reaction Double-displacement reaction Combustion reaction Chapter Vocabulary Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Types of Chemical Reactions Section 2 Types of Chemical Reactions Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284 Synthesis Reaction Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284 Synthesis Reaction Two or more substances combine to form a new compound A + X  AX Element + oxygen  oxide Metal + halogen  metal halide Oxide + water  hydroxide Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284 Demonstration Demonstration Hydrogen Rockets 2H2 (g) + O2(g)  2H2O(g) Synthesis Reaction Combustion Reaction Exothermic Reactions Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

P4 (s) + O2 (g)  P4O10 (g) H2 (g) + O2 (g)  H2O(g) Synthesis Reaction 1. Element + Oxygen  Oxide P4 (s) + O2 (g)  P4O10 (g) H2 (g) + O2 (g)  H2O(g) Insert McMurry Fay Chemistry Disc 2 Insert Holt: Visualizing Matter Disc 1 Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

See White Phosphorus Barking Dogs on Houghton Mifflin Chemistry DVD Reactions with Oxygen Insert McMurry Fay Chemistry Disc 2 See White Phosphorus Barking Dogs on Houghton Mifflin Chemistry DVD Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

See Zinc and Iodide Reaction on Houghton Mifflin Chemistry DVD Synthesis Reaction 2. Metal + Halogen  Metal Halide 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g)  2NaCl (s) 2Al (s) + 3Br2 (l)  2AlBr3 (s) Insert McMurry Fay Chemistry Disc 1 See Zinc and Iodide Reaction on Houghton Mifflin Chemistry DVD Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

CaO (s) + H2O (l)  Ca(OH)2 (aq) Synthesis Reaction 3. Oxide + Water  Hydroxide CaO (s) + H2O (l)  Ca(OH)2 (aq) 2P2 O5 (s) + 6H2O (l)  4H3PO4 (aq) metal base acid nonmetal Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284 2P2 O5 (s) + 6H2O (l)  4H3PO4 (aq) Oxides and Water CaO (s) + H2O (l)  Ca(OH)2 (aq) Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284 p. xx

Predicting the Products Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of antimony and hydrogen. Potassium oxide reacts with water to form a compound. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction. Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Decomposition Reaction Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Decomposition Reaction A single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances AX  A + X Decompositions of… Binary Compounds Metal Carbonates Metal Hydroxides Metal Chlorates Acids Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Decomposition Reactions 1. Decomposition of Binary Compounds HgO (g)  Hg(s) + O2 (g) H2O(l)  H2 (g) + O2 (g) Insert Holt: Visualizing Matter Disc 1 Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284 Electrolysis Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284 p. 270

Decomposition Reaction 2. Decomposition of Metal Carbonates CaCO3 (s)  CaO (s) + CO2 (g) Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Decomposition Reaction 3. Decomposition of Metal Hydroxide Ca(OH)2 (s)  CaO (s) + H2O (l) Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Decomposition Reaction 4. Decomposition of Metal Chlorates KClO3 (s)  KCl (s) + O2 (g) Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Decomposition Reaction 5. Decomposition of Acids H2CO3 (aq)  H2O (l) + CO2 (g) Insert Holt: Visualizing Matter Disc 1 Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284 Names of Acids Memorize the names of common acids. hydrochloric acid HCl hydrobromic acid HBr hydroiodic acid HI hydrofluoric acid HF nitric acid HNO3 sulfuric acid H2SO4 phosphoric acid H3PO4 Ammonia = NH3 Not an acid - but good to know! Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Demonstration Demonstration Genie in the Bottle 2H2O2(g)  2H2O(l) + O2(g) Decomposition Reaction Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Predicting the Products Calcium carbonate decomposes into two compounds. Write the balance equation for the reaction. Write the balanced equation for the decomposition of cobalt II bromide. Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Single Displacement Reaction Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Single Displacement Reaction One element replaces a similar element in a compound A + BX  AX + B Y + BX  BY + X Displacement of Metals Displacement of Halogen Displacement of H in Water by a Metal Displacement of H in Acid by a Metal Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Single Displacement  Cu + Ag Cu +2 +1 (NO3) -1 + Ag +2 (NO3) -1 2 Displacement of Metals copper II + silver I nitrate  Diatomic?  Cu +2 + Ag +1 (NO3) -1 Cu + Ag +2 (NO3) -1 2 Insert Holt: Visualizing Matter Disc 1 Cu (s) + Ag(NO3) (aq)  Ag(s) + Cu(NO3)2 (aq) Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Demonstration Demonstration Can Ripper Al(s) + CuCl2 (aq)  Cy(s) + AlCl3 (aq) Single Displacement Reactions Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

F2 (g) + NaCl (s)  Cl2 (g) + NaF (s) Single Displacement 2. Displacement of Halogens fluorine and sodium chloride  F -1 + Na +1 -1 F -1 + Na +1 -1 Cl Cl 2 2 Diatomic? Diatomic? F2 (g) + NaCl (s)  Cl2 (g) + NaF (s) Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Li(s) + H2O (l)  H2 (g) + LiOH (aq) Single Displacement 3. Displacement of H in Water by a Metal lithium + water  +1 Li +1  Li + H + +1 (OH) -1 H +1 (OH) -1 2 Li(s) + H2O (l)  H2 (g) + LiOH (aq) Insert McMurry Fay Chemistry Disc 1 Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Mg(s) + HCl (aq)  MgCl2 (aq) + H2(g) Single Displacement 4. Displacement of H in Acid by a Metal magnesium + hydrochloric acid   +2 -1 Mg +2 + +1 +1 + H Cl -1 Mg H Cl 2 2 Mg(s) + HCl (aq)  MgCl2 (aq) + H2(g) Insert Holt: Visualizing Matter Disc 1 Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Demonstration Demonstration Hollow Penny Zn (s) + HCl (aq)  ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g) Single Displacement Reaction Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Predicting the Products Write the balanced equation for the replacement of chromium by magnesium in chromium III chloride. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of bromine and iron III iodide. Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Double Displacement Reaction Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284 Double Displacement The ions of two compounds exchange places in an aqueous solution to form two new compounds AX + BY  BX + AY Formation of a Precipitate Formation of a Gas Formation of Water Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Double Displacement  K I + Pb K I + Pb +1 +2 -1 -1 +2 -1 +1 -1 (NO3) Formation of a Precipitate potassium iodide + lead II nitrate +1 +2 -1  -1 +2 -1 +1 -1 K I + Pb (NO3) K I + Pb (NO3) 2 2 KI(aq) + Pb(NO3)2 (aq)  KNO3 (aq) + PbI2 (s) Insert Holt: Visualizing Matter Disc 1 Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Iron III Choride & Sodium Hydroxide Silver Nitrate & Sodium Chloride Insert Holt: Visualizing Matter Disc 1 Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Double Displacement  Fe + H Fe S + H S 2. Formation of a Gas iron II sulfide + hydrochloric acid +2 +1 +2 -2 -1  +1 -2 -1 Fe + H Fe S + H S Cl Cl 2 2 FeS(s) + 2HCl (aq)  H2S (g) + FeCl2 (aq) Insert Holt: Visualizing Matter Disc 1 Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Double Displacement  Na OH + H Na OH + H +1 -1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1 Cl +1 3. Formation of Water sodium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid  +1 -1 +1 -1  -1 +1 -1 Na OH + H Cl Na +1 OH + H OH NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq)  H2O (l) + NaCl(aq) Insert Holt: Visualizing Matter Disc 1 Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Predicting the Products Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between potassium bromide and silver I nitrate. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of potassium sulfate and barium nitrate. Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284 Combustion Reaction Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284 Combustion A substance combines with oxygen releasing a large amount of energy in the form of light and heat X + O2  XO2 H2 (g) + O2 (g)  H2O (g) CxHy + O2  CO2 + H2O C3H8 + O2  3CO2 + 4H2O Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Demonstration Demonstration Combustion of Methane CH4 (g) + O2 (g)  CO2 (g) + H2O(g) Combustion Reactions Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284 Naming Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons – compounds containing hydrogen and carbon Carbon has four bonds. There are three classes of hydrocarbons: alkanes – all single bonds alkenes – contain one double bond alkynes – contain one triple bond Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284 Naming Hydrocarbons Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284 Naming Hydrocarbons Prefixes tell the number of carbon atoms in the molecule 1 - meth 2 - eth 3 - prop 4 - but 5 - pent 6 - hex 7 - hept 8 - oct 9 - non 10 - dec Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284 Naming Hydrocarbons Alkanes – names end in –ane. Cx H2x + 2 Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284 Naming Hydrocarbons Alkenes – names end in –ene. Cx H2x Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284 Naming Hydrocarbons Alkynes – names end in –yne. Cx H2x - 2 Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284 Naming Hydrocarbons Find the formula of the following hydrocarbons Butene Octane Pentyne Propene Butane Ethyne C 4 H 8 C 8 H 18 C 5 H 8 C 3 H 6 C 4 H 10 C 2 H 2 Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Predicting the Products Octane combusts. Write the balanced equation for the reaction. Write the balanced reaction for the combustion of pentene. Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Types of Reactions Movies and Animations Insert Glencoe Chemistry Concepts & Applications Disc 1 Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284 Section 2 Homework Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284 Reaction Comics Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284 Single Replacement AB + C  B + AC Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284 Synthesis A + B  AB Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284 Double Replacement AB + CD  CB + AD Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284 Decomposition AB  A + B Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284