 The Directory was not providing order.  Emigres wanted a return to the monarchy.  A coup d’etat occurs to put down any chance of a monarchy coming back to France.

 Born in Corsica in 1769 to a poor family  Jacobin  Admitted to two military schools including the prestigious L’ecole Royale Militaire.

 Fiance and future Queen of Sweden and Norway.  Her parents broke off the marriage because of Napoleon’s lack of fortune.

 "I awake full of you. Your image and the memory of last night’s intoxicating pleasures has left no rest to my senses." ~Napoleon

Josephine’s Divorce Statement (1807) With the permission of our august and dear husband, I must declare that, having no hope of bearing children who would fulfill the needs of his policies and the interests of France, I am pleased to offer him the greatest proof of attachment and devotion ever offered on this earth.

Napoléon’s Divorce Statement (1807) Far from ever finding cause for complaint, I can to the contrary only congratulate myself on the devotion and tenderness of my beloved wife. She has adorned thirteen years of my life; the memory will always remain engraved on my heart.

 Napoleon’s final love interest.  Married in 1810.

 Defeated Austrian and Sardinian armies in Italy in  Napoleon returns to Paris a hero.  Next up, Britain…

 Take out British interests along the Mediterranean, cut off the British Empire.  Unfortunately, even though Napoleon steamrolls Egypt, the French navy is destroyed, and Austria and Russia side with Britain.

 Abbe Sieyes and Napoleon join forces.  Napoleon seizes complete control.  A dictator?- uses rhetoric of revolution, nationalism, imperialism, and back it with the military.

Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns Trafalgar (Lord Nelson: Fr. Navy lost!)  BritainFrance  1805: Sea Power

Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns  Britain Austria Russia (3 rd Coalition) France  1805: -Danube -Italy eULM: France defeated Austria. eAUSTERLITZ: France defeated Austria & Russia. eULM: France defeated Austria. eAUSTERLITZ: France defeated Austria & Russia. Crowned “King of Italy” on May 6, 1805

Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns JENA: French Troops in Berlin! BERLIN DECREES (“Continental System”)  Prussia France  1806: Confed. of the Rhine 4th Coalition created

British Cartoon “Continental System” ( )

Peninsular Campaign: ePortugal did not comply with the Continental System. eFrance wanted Spain’s support to invade Portugal. eSpain refused, so Napoleon invaded Spain as well!  Spain Portugal France  1806: Continental System

Napoléon’s Empire in 1810

Napoléon’s Family Rules! eJerome Bonaparte  King of Westphalia. eJoseph Bonaparte  King of Spain eLouise Bonaparte  King of Holland ePauline Bonaparte  Princess of Italy eNapoléon Francis Joseph Charles (son)  King of Rome eElisa Bonaparte  Grand Duchess of Tuscany eCaroline Bonaparte  Queen of Naples

Napoléon Invades Russia: ,000 French troops

Napoléon’s Retreat from Moscow (Early 1813) 100,000 French troops retreat—40,000 survive!

Napoléon Abdicates! eAllied forces occupied Paris on March 31, eNapoléon abdicated on April 6 in favor of his son, but the Allies insisted on unconditional surrender. eNapoléon abdicated again on April 11. eTreaty of Fontainbleau  exiles Napoléon to Elba with an annual income of 2,000,000 francs. eThe royalists took control and restored Louis XVIII to the throne. eAllied forces occupied Paris on March 31, eNapoléon abdicated on April 6 in favor of his son, but the Allies insisted on unconditional surrender. eNapoléon abdicated again on April 11. eTreaty of Fontainbleau  exiles Napoléon to Elba with an annual income of 2,000,000 francs. eThe royalists took control and restored Louis XVIII to the throne.

Napoléon in Exile on Elba

“The War of the 7 th Coalition”  Britain, Russia. Prussia, Austria, Sweden, smaller German states France  1815: Napoleon’s “100 Days” eNapoléon escaped Elba and landed in France on March 1, 1815  the beginning of his 100 Days. eMarie Louise & his son were in the hands of the Austrians. eNapoléon escaped Elba and landed in France on March 1, 1815  the beginning of his 100 Days. eMarie Louise & his son were in the hands of the Austrians.

Napoléon’s Defeat at Waterloo (June 18, 1815) Duke of Wellington Prus. General Blücher

Napoléon on His Way to His Final Exile on St. Helena