Opening In your NOTEBOOK, answer the following question What do you know about Greece (ancient or now) Write down at least THREE SENTENCES

The Geography

Bronze Age Greece

Greece The sea- Shaped Greek life just like the river valleys did. -Mediterranean, Ionian and Aegean seas -Over 2,000 islands. Seas important because transportation, trade and Greece became more connected with other cultures.

The Land -Mountains cover ¾ of ancient Greece. -Led to many separate smaller communities. -The Greeks developed smaller gov’ts not one large one. ***Greece had a small population WHY?

Small population because Little fertile farmland=not much food=smaller populations

Crete: Minoan Civilization (Palace at Knossos)

Knossos: Minoan Civilization

Minoan Civilization

Mycenaean Civilization Greek mainland. Warrior kings/fortified cities B.C. Became sea traders.

Contact They also adapted the Minoan writing system, art, politics literature and religious practices. Western civilizations roots can be traced back to the Mycenaean and Minoans.

The Mycenaean Civilization

The Trojan War A 10 year war fought between the Mycenaeans (Greek) and Troy Reason: Over a kidnapped princess, Helen The Greeks win and Troy is destroyed For years many believed the war never took place but in 1870 archaeological evidence showed it did.

The Trojan War

The Trojan Horse

The Dorians After the Trojan War, the Mycenaean civ. collapsed. The Dorians, took over. Not as advanced Sum it up- Greek society(writing, art, etc) died and was lost during this period.

NO writing so oral traditions start. The greatest story teller was a blind man named Homer.

Do Now Please answer the following questions: 1) Describe the geography of Greece? 2) Why did Greece have a small population? 3) Name one civilization that contributed to Western society (located in Greece).

Homer Little is know about his life. Wrote epics narrative poems about heroic deeds around B.C. The Iliad (Trojan War)and The Odyssey.

The Iliad Wrote about the arete --virtue and excellence. (show it on the battlefield and in athletic competition)

Myths Are traditional stories about their gods They explained the changing seasons, disasters, nature, etc. Gods- Zeus, Hera, Athena, Apollo.

Homer: The “Heroic Age”

Polis Was made up of a city and its surrounding countryside. (like a city-state) Around square miles big. Each polis had a fortified building on a hilltop called and acropolis.

Types of Governments in Greece Monarchy- A single person (king) rules. Aristocracy- A gov’t ruled by a small group of people. (rich families/landowners) Oligarchy- A gov’t ruled by a few powerful people (they took power away from the aristocracy) Tyrants- Leaders who took power in order to help the common man (not harsh or cruel). AND

Democracy Democracy-rule by the people Took place in Athens where each citizen participated in the decision making process.

Myth Project Grab a piece of paper and 1) I would like you to write a MYTH 2) It can be about anything (Greeks wrote about the changing seasons, disasters, fire, storms, nature, gods, etc) 3) MUST be at least 3 paragraphs.

I would like you to write a MYTH 2) It can be about anything (Greeks wrote about the changing seasons, disasters, fire, storms, nature, gods, etc) 3) MUST be at least 3 paragraphs. Why does the sun rise and set everyday? How do plants grow? Who place the stars in the sky? What is love, war, jealousy? What is lightning and thunder? Why does the moon change shape? Why are some things beautiful? How do families work? Where does fire come from? How did the world form? What makes a volcano erupt? How do birds fly? Where does snow come from? Why is there evil in the world? Who makes the waves? Why do humans have different emotions?

Do Now Define the terms, first WITHOUT using your notebook. 1)Monarchy 2) Oligarchy 3) Aristocracy 4) Tyrant 5) Direct Democracy Take out your myths

Types of Governments in Greece Monarchy- A single person (king) rules. Aristocracy- A gov’t ruled by a small group of people. (rich families/landowners) Oligarchy- A gov’t ruled by a few powerful people (they took power away from the aristocracy) Tyrants- Leaders who took power in order to help the common man (not harsh or cruel). Democracy-rule by the people

Education (Athens) Sons of the wealthy received education -Studied logic, math, public speaking, reading etc. -Athletic Activities -Older students went to military school. Women- educated at home - Learned child care, household chores etc, - Had very little to do outside the home.

Sparta Located in southern part of Greece. Were a military state. Around 725 B.C. they started conquering their neighbors. (Messenia) Created helots (peasants forced to stay on the land they worked). The helots gave ½ of crop to Spartans.

Spartan Society Top-Citizens with original descendants Free non citizens (merchants) The helots Slaves

Sparta had the most powerful army in Greece. Put no value in art or literature, ONLY the military. Military - Men from age 7-60 served - Women - Put military in front of family (“come back with your shield or on it”) - Had a lot of freedoms when husband was away.

Do Now Please answer the following question: Would you rather lived in Athens or Sparta? EXPLAIN your choice!!!!!!!!!!

Persian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BCE

Players in the War Persia (Darius the Great then his son Xerxes) vs the Greek city states Phalanx- military maneuver were foot soldiers stood side by side holding a spear in one hand and a shield in another.

Persian Wars: Famous Battles $ Marathon (490 BCE) Greece won  26 miles from Athens (Olympics) $ Thermopylae (480 BCE) Persia won  300 Spartans at the Mountain pass $ Salamis (480 BCE) Greece won  Athenian navy victorious

Outcomes Persians lose the war and our driven out of Greek land Athens becomes the most powerful polis (in the Delian League). Athens would enter its brief golden age.

Golden “Age of Pericles”: 461 BCE – 429 BCE

Pericles and Democracy His three goals: 1) To strengthen Athenian democracy 2) To hold and strength the empire 3) To glorify Athens

Direct Democracy: a form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives. Is this similar to the United States system of democracy?

Pericles Achievements The Parthenon- a temple to honor the goddess of wisdom Athena. Classical art- art that has harmony, order, beauty, and balance.

Phidias’ Acropolis

Great Athenian Philosophers (lovers of wisdom) $ Socrates  Know thyself!  question everything  only the pursuit of goodness brings happiness.  70 years old he was brought to trial for “corrupting the youth of Athens”  Sentenced to death- drank hemlock (poison)

$ Plato  Student of Socrates  The Academy (his school)  The world of the FORMS  The Republic  philosopher is king

Great Athenian Philosophers $ Aristotle  “Golden Mean” [everything in moderation].  Logic  Alexander the Great his student.

1) Finish T-Shirts 2) Venn Diagram: Sparta v. Athens 3)Please answer the following question: Would you rather lived in Athens or Sparta? EXPLAIN your choice!!!!!!!!!!

Do Now Please answer the following questions: Who was Homer? Who has power in a democracy? Who is in control in a Monarchy?

30 Second Commercial In groups, you will create a 30 second commercial talking about the different types of government in ancient Greece. Each group will be given one government either Monarchy, Aristocracy, Oligarchy, Tyrants or direct democracy. PAGE 128 in the TEXTBOOK Create a 30 second commercial telling what your government is (definition) and why it’s the best. You can make it serious or funny. You WILL BE GRADED

30 Second Commercial In groups, you will create a 30 second commercial talking about achievements of the Greeks. Each group will be given discuss at least three achievements given to the world from the Greeks. PAGE in the TEXTBOOK Create a 30 second commercial telling what the achievements were and how they impacted the world. You can make it serious or funny. You WILL BE GRADED

Do Now Please answer the following questions: Define the term direct democracy? What were two achievements during Athens Golden Age? Who was Pericles?

Peloponnesian Wars

Peloponnesian War Athens (strong navy) vs. Sparta(strong army) 431 B.C. Sparta declares war on Athens Athenian leader Pericles dies and a truce signed. 415 B.C. Athens attacks an ally of Sparta attacked. 404 B.C. Athens surrenders and lose all its power, wealth and land.

Athens: The Arts & Sciences $ DRAMA (tragedians):  Sophocles  Euripides $ THE SCIENCES:  Pythagoras  Hippocrates  “Father of Medicine ”

Macedonian Is located just north of Greece. Were looked down on by Greeks as uncivilized. Best asset------> Philip II their king. Philip wanted to take over Greece and then Persia.

Taking out Greece Greek city-states couldn’t unite-disagreements Philip crushed them and then turned his attention to Persia. This ended Greece’s (Athens) golden age. Philip never got the chance to attack Persia (was killed). His son, Alexander, took over.

Macedonia Under Philip II

Alexander the Great

At age 20 was king. Aristotle was his teacher. Took over all the Greece city states through fear. He turned his attention to Persia.

Alexander the Great in Persia

Opening Place the answers in your NOTEBOOK 1) Who fought in the Peloponnesian War? 2)Who was Philip II and who was his son? 3)Name the 3 philosophers we studied in class 4) Who was Pericles and what did he bring to Greece?

Opening Place the answers in your NOTEBOOK 1) Name the 3 philosophers we studied in class 2) Who was Pericles and what did he bring to Greece? 3) List two Achievements the Greeks made 4) Who was Alexander the Great?

Alexander the Great’s Empire

Persia vs Alex 334 B.C. he wins his first battle vs Persia (King Darius III). He used sudden attack and the element of surprise to win battles. Darius tried to negotiate a peace deal. Alexander said “no” and said he was going to take over all of Persia.

Conquests Egypt-was named pharaoh. Turned his attention to the east. Battle at Gaugamela  Persia power done With every victory, Alexander gained land and riches. Also he spread his culture to distant lands. Alexander and his army reached India.

It all ends… After traveling for 11 years and 11,000 miles they turned back. At age 32, he dies of a fever.

His Legacy His lands were divided up between his generals. Hellenistic society!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! When he traveled, he spread his Greek ideas and culture. Also he learned other people’s cultures(culture diffusion) A new culture emerged=a blend of Greek and Eastern customs.

Opening Answer the following question in you NOTEBOOK 1) What was the Hellenistic Culture a blend of? 2) How far (what country) did Alexander the Great conquest go? 3) How far and how long did Alex’s conquest last? 4) Who was Alex’s teacher?

Hellenistic Culture Hellenistic- Greek (also know as Hellenic) culture blended with Egyptian, Persian, and Indian. Alexandria (Egypt) became the center of commerce (trade) and knowledge.

The Hellenization of Asia

Pergamum: A Hellenistic City

The Economy of the Hellenistic World

Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences $ Scientists / Mathematicians:  Aristarchus  heliocentric theory.  Euclid  geometry  Archimedes  pulley $ Hellenistic Art:  More realistic  Showed individual emotions, wrinkles, and age!

Colossus of Rhodes Will show you a picture after notes!!!

Decline Greece was the birthplace of Democracy, philosophy, art,etc By 150 B.C., the Hellenistic world was in decline and a new group was growing……….

Rome

Guilty or Not Guilty As we watch the video, please take notes on whether or not Alexander the Great was a cruel ruler or just leader. You are going to be his lawyer so you must have arguments to defend or put him in jail.