Vocab Short Answer Multiple Choice Essays (you will do 2 of the 3)

1. The Great Compromise resolved the key issue at the Philadelphia Convention. Explain what the key issue was, how it was resolved AND why this compromise is considered SO important to the United States. 2. Federalist and Anti-Federalists had a VERY different view of the Constitution. Detail the arguments for each side. How was this disagreement resolved? 3. Explain the AMENDING PROCESS? Why was it made so intentionally hard? Do you believe that the Constitution is a “living and breathing document?” WHY

Chapter 3

 Nothing  Federalism is implied by: a. powers divided between the states and the federal government b. stated obligations to the states * A republican form of government * Protection from invasion

State Constitutional Responsibilities/Limitation * Ratify Amendments * States hold regular elections * State cannot enter into treaties * State cannot pass bills of attainder, expost facto laws or impair contracts, or grant titles of nobility * State cannot lay duties on imports or exports * State cannot keep troops (wage war)  Most legislation dealing with health, safety and morals

 Clearly stated in the Constitution Full Faith and Credit Extradition Privileges and Immunities

 The Constitution is the SUPREME law of the land  Only federal government can make treaties

 Implied Powers (Necessary and Proper Clause)  Commerce Clause  Civil War  Civil Rights (14 th Amendment)

 From a layer cake concept (Dual Federalism) to a  Marble cake concept (Cooperative Federalism)  Changes ahead? (Health Care decision)

 Money, rather than force, has been the tool used by the national government to exert influence over state policies  Grants-in-aid are used both to assist state and local governments and to encourage compliance  Dual Federalism: Each level of government is supreme in its own sphere  Cooperative Federalism: Powers and policies are shared between state and national governments.

 There are two types of federal grants – both have strings attached Block Grants Categorical Grants

 These grants are given almost automatically to support broad programs (eg a block grant for post secondary education)  States determine the specifics of distributing this grant money

 Nondiscrimination requirements  Environmental impact statements  Union pay scale for construction grants

 There are two types of categorical grants project grants formula grants

 These are awarded according to specific projects  They are competitive and must be applied for

 These are grants where the amount is given out by formulas and differ from state to state  Formulas may be population, income, or other formulas  Examples are Medicaid, community development programs, WIC, employment training  These grants are not applied for

 Money can be dependent upon doing certain things  Example – Federal Highway money dependent upon raising drinking age to 21  Example – No Child Left Behind Act – money dependent upon developing state tests

 States have complained about unfunded federal mandates – grants that require states to pay for federally mandated programs FUNDED – Congress allocates the funds to carry out the directives of the laws they pass UNFUNDED – Laws passed without the funding. The states are expected to pick up the costs. This had become more and more common

 The Supreme Court decision concerning the Constitutionality of the Health Care Act stated that the federal government could not coerce cooperation by withholding funds  What does this do to unfunded federal mandates?  What could be the implication?

 Does federalism lend itself to more democracy?  Does federalism make government more responsive or just more complicated?  Why has the federal government grown so much and has that been at the expense of the states?

 More people can participate in government  More access to power  More opportunities for interest groups to have demands met

 Policies are decided at the state level as well as the national level  That can create tension (Arizona’s immigration laws)  It also encourages experimentation at the state level (health care, Indiana, Mass.)

 Having states carry out federal policies can have uneven results dependent upon state resources  Demands for uniformity have enlarged the scope of the federal government

 Chapter One What is Government/Why do we need Government Politics Policymaking System Scope of Government in America  Chapter Two Origins of the Constitution The Government that failed (Articles of Confederation) The Constitutional Convention (The Philadelphia Convention) The Great Compromise/Madisonian Model Ratifying the Constitution  Chapter Three Defining Federalism Constitutional basis for Federalism Intergovernmental Relations Today Understanding Federalism