The Brain The Brain _______ ___________ ______________ ___________

Areas of the brain The brain is composed of ___________ Hemispheres, ________ and ________ _________ ____________ _____________

medulla Controls ______ including _______, and _________ rate Impulse transmitted from medulla via __________ or __________ branch of __________ nervous system. _________ _____________ ____________

cerebellum Co-ordination of ________, ____ and ________ __________ _________

Highly Folded and so has a large _______. Patients with injuries to specific parts of the brain can be studied to see how their ______ are altered. cerebrum/cerebral hemispheres _________ ____________

Different parts of the brain can be _____________ to see which ______ in the body respond Conversely different parts of the body can be stimulated to see which parts of the brain show ______________. More recently _____ (magnetic resonance imaging) has been used in brain study cerebrum/cerebral hemispheres

Areas of the cerebrum

The Areas can be split into 3 groups __________ Areas _______ Areas ___________ Areas

___________ __________ ________ for impulses from ______

cerebrum/cerebral hemispheres ________ of the cerebral hemispheres receive impulses from _____ organs and transmit them to the ____________ areas The _______ areas of the cerebral hemispheres receive _______ - _______ them in the light of similar past experiences and transmit impulses to _____ areas The motor areas transmit impulses to the _______ The size of the ______ and ______ areas is related to the number of __________ in that area The left and right cerebral hemispheres control the _________ sides of the body

Mapping of the sensory & motor areas to the body

Sensory & Motor Maps The maps show that regions of the body with many sensory (or _______) neurons have corresponding large areas of the _______ linked to them. So for example the _____ occupy a larger region of the _______ than the ______, because there are more ______ neurons in the lips.

Association Areas Are used to compare ________ with previous _______, and make ___________ These areas are involved in _______, _________ and ________ retrieval The ____________ are large in humans and it is thought that they responsible for higher functions like ____________, ________ & ___________.

Speech The ________ of the brain Patients with ______ problems gave 1 st clues about how the brain controls language 1981 Dr Paul Broca described a patient who could only say the word “tan”. When the patient died Broca examined the brain and found damage to the ____________________ This part of the brain is now know as _______ area

Broca’s Area __________

Wernicke’s Area In 1967 ______________ noticed damage to another region of the cortex. _______ area is connected to ______ area by a bundle of nerve fibres. If this was damaged the patient can understand ________ but cannot ________ words. So ________ area is concerned with understanding ________. ______ area is concerned with controlling the ______ that produce ______

Wernicke’s Area ____________

Visual Processing The __________ area is at the back of the brain & receives _______ input from the ______ nerves The 2 _______ see slightly different images from the opposite of the _______, and differences can be used to judge ___________

Optic Chiasma

Summary ________ – receive input from receptors ___________ – Origin of impulses which bring about voluntary movements These receive/transmit impulses from the _______ side of the body ___________ – interpret _______ information in the light of ____________

A close shave