Week 16 World History

Day 1 What was the Great Schism? What were 3 effects of the bubonic plague? Which event do you think diminished the power of the Church more-the Great Schism or the bubonic plague? Explain w/ evidence your answer

The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire  Many Turks live in Anatolia,view themselves as ghazis—warriors who fight for Islam Osman Establishes a State  1300 to 1326, Osman, successful ghazi, builds state in Anatolia Europeans call him Othman and followers Ottomans  Ottomans win battles because they use muskets and cannons  Successors expand through alliances and land salessman Establishes a State  Orkhan, Osman’s son, declares himself sultan— overlord  In 1361, Turks conquer Adrianople  Ottomans rule fairly over conquered peoples

Timur the Lame Halts Expansion  Timur the Lame—Tamerlane—rises to power in Central Asia  Timur defeats Ottomans in 1402, burning Baghdad Powerful Sultans Spur Dramatic Expansion  son, Mehmed II, conquers Constantinople in 1453  Opens city to Jews, Christians, and Muslims and rebuilds Ottomans Take Islam’s Holy Cities  In 1512, Selim the Grim, Mehmed’s grandson, comes to power defeats Persian Safavids and pushes into North Africa  Conquers Mecca, Medina, and Cairo: important Muslim cities

Suleyman the Lawgiver, Selim’s son, rules from 1520 to 1566  Suleyman conquers Belgrade (1521) and Rhodes (1522) control eastern Mediterranean  North African coastline, control inland trade routes  1526, Ottoman Empire is the largest in the world Highly Structured Social Organization  Suleyman creates law code, reduces bureaucracy, simplifies taxation  30,000 soldiers—janissaries—loyal to the sultan  Jews and Christians allowed to practice religion Cultural Flowering  Suleyman’s broad interests lead to flourishing of arts, learning

Mosque of Suleyman

Gradual Fall  Suleyman kills one son and exiles another  Third son inherits throne but rules weakly  Later sultans kill their brothers and leave their sons uneducated  Long line of weak sultans leads to empire’s eventual fall

Group RulerSuccessYears

Day 2 Do you think that Suleyman's religious tolerance helped or hurt the empire? Where did the Ottoman empire extend too? Why is Suleyman the lawgiver famous?

Cultural Blending in Persia  Between 16th and 18th centuries a Shi’ite Muslim dynasty ruled Persia -  Safavid Empire— Causes of Cultural Blending  Changes from migration, conquest, trade, religion Results in changes in language, religion, gov't, technology, racial and ethnic blending, intermarriage  Cultural styles adapted into arts and architecture Safavid Origins  Begins as religious order built powerful military  Fourteen-year-old Isma’il conquers Iran by 1451  Takes title of shah—king  Makes Shi’a Islam official religion; kills Sunnis  Son, Tahmasp, greatly expands empire

A Safavid Golden Age  Shah Abbas—Abbas the Great—takes throne in 1587  Helps create a thriving Safavid culture  Reforms military and government; brings in Christian trade A New Capital  Esfahan—new capital—is one of world’s most beautiful cities Art Works  Chinese artisans blend Chinese and Persian styles Carpets  Carpet weaving becomes national industry

Shah Abbas

The Dynasty Declines Quickly The Safavid Empire Weakens  Abbas kills and blinds his ablest sons  Safi, Abbas's incompetent grandson, leads to empire’s decline  By 1722, the empire is losing land to the Ottomans and Afghans  Nadir Shah Afshar expands the empire, but it falls apart in 1747

Group Write a second radio script advertisement for the Shah Abbas that will encourage people to visit Esfhan. Include: What makes Esfahan special. Arts, Crafts, Architecture, Cultural influences a visitor could recognize

Homework

Day 3 What are the 4 causes of cultural blending? How did the location of the Safavid empire contribute to the cultural blending in the empire? Why might Isma'il have become so intolerant of the Sunni Muslims?

Mongols, invade northwestern India  Muslims and Hindus fight for almost 300 years  1000, loose empire of Turkish warlords—Delhi Sultanate—forms Delhi Sultanate  Sultans rule from Delhi between 13th - 16 th c.  Timur the Lame rises to power destroys Delhi in 1398 Babur Founds an Empire  Babur, king of small land in Central Asia at age 11  Is dethroned and driven south into India  C onquers much of N. India, formed Mughal Empire  Son Humayun lost most of the conquered territory  Babur’s grandson succeeds Humayan

Babur's Grandson  Akbar—“Greatest One”— rules India from 1556 to 1605  Akbar uses cannons; names native Indians as officers  Re ligious freedom and cuts tax on non-Muslims  llows all ppl a chance to serve in high gov't office  Hindu finance minister develops better tax plan; income grows  Akbar gives land to his officials, then reclaims it when they die  Many cultures blend, mixing art, education, politics, and language  New languages like Hindi and Urdu emerge

Akbar’s Successors  Akbar’s son, Jahangir, allows wife Nur Jahan to run government appoints her father prime minister  Nur Jahan favors son Khusrau over other sons  Khusrau rebels, supported by Sikhs, nonviolent religious group,  Sikhs become targets of Mughal hatred  Shah Jahan—Jahangir’s son and successor, marries Persian princess  Assassinates all competitors for throne  Wife dies while giving birth to 14th child in 1631  Taj Mahal—huge marble tomb Shah Jahan builds for his wife one of the most beautiful buildings in the world

The People Suffer  People suffer paying for wars and monuments  Shah Jahan’s third son—Aurangzeb—imprisons father and takes over  Rules ; expands empire to its largest  Strictly enforces Islamic law & attempts to kill Hindus  Hindus rebel and Sikhs become militant  Levies oppressive taxes on Hindus, causing more rebellion  Over 2 million people die of famine while Aurangzeb wages war  Emperor becomes a figurehead; empire breaks into separate states  Meanwhile, traders arrive from England, Holland, France, Portugal  European traders gain key ports

Group Find 3 idioms on page 518 Explain their meaning Share an example of an idiom not from the text Define Idiom

Homework