Bush Jr. Doctrine In Theory and Policy

Theory/Policy: National Security Strategy Introductory Bush Statement:  defense of “freedom, democracy and free enterprise” “economic freedom,” “economic openness”, “free markets,” “free trade,” “economic freedom,” “economic openness”, “free markets,” “free trade,”  Not unilateral, but balance of power[sic!]  War against Terrorism:global, uncertain duration  Act against threats “before they are fully formed”, I.e., preemptive strikes  “Coalitions of the willing”  Committed to UN, WTO, OAS, NATO etc

NSS I: Overview “Distinctly American internationalism “Distinctly American internationalism Champion human dignity Champion human dignity Strengthen alliances Strengthen alliances Defuse regional conflicts Defuse regional conflicts Prevent threats of WMD Prevent threats of WMD New era of “free markets & free trade” New era of “free markets & free trade” Cooperative action Cooperative action Transform national security institutions Transform national security institutions

NSS II:Champion Dignity “rule of law; limits on state; free speech; freedom of worship; equal justice; respect for women; religious & ethnic tolerance; respect for private property.” “rule of law; limits on state; free speech; freedom of worship; equal justice; respect for women; religious & ethnic tolerance; respect for private property.” Speak honestly of violations of human dignity Speak honestly of violations of human dignity Use foreign aid to promote freedom Use foreign aid to promote freedom Push democracy & oppose HR violations Push democracy & oppose HR violations Promote freedom of religion & conscience Promote freedom of religion & conscience

NNS III:Alliances vs Terrorism Def: terrorism = “premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against innocents” Def: terrorism = “premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against innocents” Terrorists = those who harbor them Terrorists = those who harbor them War of indefinite duration War of indefinite duration Disrupt and destroy terrorist organizations Disrupt and destroy terrorist organizations “we will not hesitate to act alone” “we will not hesitate to act alone” Homeland security Homeland security Rebuild Afghanistan Rebuild Afghanistan

NNS IV: Regional Conflicts Two strategic principles: Two strategic principles:  Build int’l relationships to manage crises  Help those who help themselves Israel – Palestine Conflict Israel – Palestine Conflict  Independent & Democratic Palestine  Israel forces fully withdraw, stop settlements Colombia: terrorists & drug tafficking Colombia: terrorists & drug tafficking  Defeat armed groups of left & right Africa: coalitions of willing, big states to be anchors for US involvement; work w/Europe; strengthen governments, economic freedom Africa: coalitions of willing, big states to be anchors for US involvement; work w/Europe; strengthen governments, economic freedom

NNS V: Prevent Enemy WMD Rogue states: brutalize their own people, no regard for international law, want WMD for threats, sponsor terrorism, reject human values, hate the United States Rogue states: brutalize their own people, no regard for international law, want WMD for threats, sponsor terrorism, reject human values, hate the United States Proactive counterproliferation Proactive counterproliferation  Prepare to prevail in WMD warfare  Diplomacy, arms control, export controls, interdiction of of technologies & materials Deterrence won’t work, “US will, if necessary, act preemptively” Deterrence won’t work, “US will, if necessary, act preemptively” Eliminate specific threat, reasons will be clear, force measured and the cause just Eliminate specific threat, reasons will be clear, force measured and the cause just

NSS VI:Free Markets - 1 Global free markets & free trade Global free markets & free trade  Pro-growth legal and regulatory policies  Lower marginal tax rates  Rule of law, intolerence of corruption  Strong financial systems  Sound fiscal policies to support business[sic!]  Investment in health & education  Free trade = “real freedom”

NSS VI:Free Markets - 2 Comprehensive strategy: Comprehensive strategy:  Global free trade via WTO  Regional initiatives, e.g., FTAA by 2005  Bilateral free trade, e.g., Chile & Singapore  Congressional support: Trade Act of 2002  Development = f(free trade)  Enforce trade agreements & laws vs unfair L practices  Help domestic workers adjust  Protect Environment & workers  Enhance Energy Security  Stablize Greenhouse gas concentrations, more nukes

NSS VII: Opening Societies Aid those countries who enact neoliberal reforms Aid those countries who enact neoliberal reforms More World Bank etc money to increase productivity thru education, rule of law and private sector development More World Bank etc money to increase productivity thru education, rule of law and private sector development Demand measurable results Demand measurable results More results-based grants, fewer loans More results-based grants, fewer loans Free trade and free capital markets Free trade and free capital markets Support for public health Support for public health Support for education Support for education New Agricultural technology, biotechnologies New Agricultural technology, biotechnologies

NSS VIII:Cooperative Action NATO: expand it, improve fighting forces NATO: expand it, improve fighting forces  Support development of EU Asian Alliances: Japan, S.Korea, Australia Asian Alliances: Japan, S.Korea, Australia  Maintain forces in the region Russia: more cooperation, more free-markets Russia: more cooperation, more free-markets India: free flow of commerce, India: free flow of commerce,  problem: nukes & conflict w/Pakistan China: free trade (4 th largest trading partner), problems: HR, arms China: free trade (4 th largest trading partner), problems: HR, arms

NSS IX: Change NS Institutions Changed threats = changed military capabilities Changed threats = changed military capabilities US forces overseas: “bases and stations within and beyond W.Europe & NE Asia, & temp access arrangements” US forces overseas: “bases and stations within and beyond W.Europe & NE Asia, & temp access arrangements” Prepare for more Afghan-type “deployments” Prepare for more Afghan-type “deployments” Dissuade any attempt to equal US power Dissuade any attempt to equal US power Increase and integrate intelligence gathering Increase and integrate intelligence gathering  Domestic and foreign, more authority for Dir of CI Dept of State: diplomacy w/govt’s & NGOs Dept of State: diplomacy w/govt’s & NGOs More PR More PR Refuse jurisdiction of International Criminal Court Refuse jurisdiction of International Criminal Court  No investigation, inquiry or prosecution of Americans  “Protect American nationals from the ICC”

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