The Gospel of John: Jesus the Word of God CHAPTER SEVEN

- Gospel contrasts sharply with the synoptic gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke -Written for Jewish-Christians who were expelled from synagogues after the Roman Revolt -Written to strengthen faith and win converts These goals lead to eternal life Background

- Special liturgy feature is long, well developed discourses delivered by Jesus Jesus reveals the Father Teaches truths about Himself - The key to being Jesus’ follower: Have faith in Him and His word Love others as He loves us Trust the Holy Spirit

Background Two other purposes of Gospel: 1.) To combat false ideas about Jesus’ divinity 2.) To oppose followers of John the Baptist who believed he was the Messiah

Background New Characters in John’s Gospel Nicodemus Lazarus Samaritan woman Man born blind

Differences in John’s Gospel: - Jesus attends three Passover festivals compared to one - He makes several trips to Jerusalem for various festivals - Teachings take form of long discourses, not parables - He focuses on Himself as God’s revelation - Does not stress the kingdom of God Background

- John’s gospel is very poetic Presents a more solemn and holy Jesus - Uses literary techniques such as irony and figurative language to help clarify the misunderstandings people had of him

1.) Collection of miracles,called sign sources Changing water to wine Cure of a man born blind Raising of Lazarus 2.) Version of the passion and resurrection narratives Background Two major sources for John’s Gospel:

Background Identity of the author: - In A.D. 180 the Church Father Irenaeus attributed the fourth gospel to John Church tradition identified John as one of the apostles - Tradition held that John wrote the gospel towards the end of his life at Ephesus in Asia Minor

Background - Today, scholars believe Irenaeus may have confused John the apostle with another John, a Church elder and disciple of the apostle John - Scholars believe the gospel may have been written in several stages and edited by many people Some material appears twice with only slight changes in wording

Themes - The first 18 verses of John’s Gospel serve as a prologue to the gospel. - There, he introduces three theological themes of the gospel: 1.) Christology From Above 2.) Major Conflicts 3.) Who is Jesus?

Theme 1: Christology From Above -Study of Jesus Christ Trying to understand who He is - All of the gospel’s are interested in Jesus’ identity - John’s gospel stresses Jesus’: Heavenly origins Fundamental identity as the Son of God Preexistence as the Word of God Themes

Theme 2: Major Conflicts -Light of Christ versus darkness of the world that refused Jesus -Life-giving faith in Jesus versus unbelief -Truth versus untruth Themes

Theme 3: Who is Jesus? - John testifies that he is not the Christ, Elijah, or “the prophet” The reader knows that only Jesus deserves these titles - The prologue and chapter one use various titles to reveal who Jesus is Word of God, Son of God, Christ, Son of Man Because He is God, no one title totally describes him

- Organized around seven miracles - Uses the words ergon (work) or semeion (sign) to describe Jesus’ miracles -Miracles of Jesus reveal: His identity Purpose of his incarnation His heavenly glory His relation to his heavenly Father Book of Signs

Sign 1: Changing Water to Wine - Performed at the wedding at Cana - First public event where Jesus revealed His glory, leading disciples to believe in Him - Providing wine shows the richness of the wisdom and revelation Jesus brings from God - Fulfilling prophesies of flowing wine when the Messiah comes Book of Signs

Sign 2: Cure of the Official’s Son - Power of Jesus’ word is enough to heal the son of a court official - Sign teaches that the faith in Jesus can rescue us from spiritual death - Also teaches the power of intercessory prayer

Sign 3: Cure of the Paralytic at the Pool - Jesus healed a man on the Sabbath who was lame for 38 years - Point of third sign is that Jesus is the source of life - Shows that he is Lord of the Sabbath, doing his Father’s work because the Father never rests Book of Signs

Sign 4: Feeding of 5,000 - Multiplication of the loaves reveals Jesus to be the Bread of Life. - Jesus is the new bread God has given to them, their source of eternal life - Reference to the Eucharist As the Father is the source of Jesus’ life, so Jesus is the source of our life

Book of Signs Sign 5: The Walking on Water - Revealed that Jesus was God’s Holy One - Jesus says, “It is I. Do not be afraid.” (6:21) Jesus points out his identity as God - Despite the storms that come our way in life, God is always with us, the way Jesus was with the disciples

Sign 6: Cure of the Blind Man - Contrast between: Book of Signs A blind man given his sight Those who had sight yet were spiritually blind & Spiritual blindness is worse than physical blindness

Book of Signs Sign 7: Raising of Lazarus -Most important miracle in John’s gospel Preconfigures Jesus’ death and resurrection Jesus weeps for his friend Lazarus Jesus prays to God, thanking Him for answering His prayer Jesus calls Lazarus out of the grave Dead man comes out and is freed from burial clothes

Book of Signs Sign 7: Raising of Lazarus Cont. - This last sign sums up all of the other signs and pulls together the themes in the Gospel Jesus is the way to life He is the resurrection He is God (“I am”) Faith is essential for us to gain eternal life

- Second part of John’s Gospel consists of two major sections: 1.) Last Supper Discourse 2.) Jesus’ Death and Resurrection An Epilogue includes Jesus’ resurrection appearances in Galilee Book of Glory

Part One: Last Supper Discourse - John’s gospel reports the Last Supper occurred a day earlier than the Synoptic gospels - Began with washing the feet of the disciples Only gospel to report this incident - Jesus prays we remain united to Him so that he can continue to work through us

Part Two: Resurrection of Jesus - Collectively the gospels give us 14 stories that describe the resurrection - All gospels proclaim the resurrection was a real event, with historically verifiable elements - Differ to the point that it is impossible to blend them into one narrative Book of Glory

All Gospels agree: - Resurrection took place early in the morning on the first day of the week - Women were present at the tomb, most certainly Mary Magdalene - Stone had been rolled away and tomb was empty - Messenger(s) were at the tomb Book of Glory

- Jesus only appeared to his disciples - They were slow to recognize him because: They were not expecting the Lord to come back to life Jesus’ resurrected body shone with glory of God’s life He was not a ghost -Jesus prepared his disciples for his ascension and the descent of the Spirit Book of Glory

Essential beliefs about Resurrection 1.) Proves Jesus’ claims to be God’s Son Confirms Jesus’ works and teachings Fulfills OT promises Proves Jesus’ divinity 2.) Accomplished our salvation Proves Jesus conquered sin and death Book of Glory

3.) Gives us new life, justifies us in God’s grace, and adopts us into the divine family Resurrection allows Jesus to live in us so we already share eternal life 4.) If we join ourselves to the Risen Lord and live according to his message of love, we will also share in our own final resurrection at the end of time

Christology Glory of God Logos Paraclete Priest Vocabulary