Date: November 12, 2013 Topic: Bureaucratic Structure and Its Relationship with Other Areas of Government. Aim: To What Extent Does the Bureaucracy impact government? Do Now: Multiple Choice Questions.

 Presidential power over bureaucracy - regulated by Article II of the Constitution – sections 1 (Executive Power) and 3 (commission all the officers of the US).  Every senior appointed official has at least two masters – one in the Executive branch and the other in the Legislative branch.  Congress has given itself power over agencies.  What does the Legislative Branch have many of?  How does having a leader in the Legislative Branch and a leader in the Executive work in the favor of the bureaucrat? The American Bureaucracy 1.) HOUSE COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE1.) HOUSE COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE - COMMITTEE 2.) US DEPARTMEMNT OF AGRICULTURE – GOVERNMENT AGENCY 3.) INTEREST GROUP

Date: November 13, 2013 Topic: Bureaucratic Structure and Its Relationship with Other Areas of Government. Aim: To What Extent Does the Bureaucracy impact government? Do Now: How do iron triangles impact the political process?

IRON TRIANGLE – A CLOSE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AN AGENCY, A CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE, AND AN INTEREST GROUP.

REVOLVING DOOR IRON TRIANGLE VIDEO

Listing of bureaucratic agencies  LOOK AT THIS! LOOK AT THIS!

Presidential Appointees  Presidential appointees Presidential appointees

Bureaucratic relations with local governments.  Many agencies work with other organizations at other levels of government.  Ex: Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) gives grants to cities for urban development (housing).

WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO CUT THROUGH THE RED TAPE? WHAT IS THE RED TAPE? BUREAUCRATIC AGENCIES ARE GIVEN DISCRETIONARY POWERS TO CREATE POLICY. CONGRESS MAY VAGUELY DESCRIBE WHAT IT WANTS THROUGH LEGISLATION HOWEVER GREAT LIBERTIES CAN BE GIVEN TO THE AGENCY TO CARRY OUT THE POLICY. WHY? SPECIALISTS WITHIN A FIELD AND TIME.

Any THOUGHTS?  1.) What generalizations can you make about the bureaucracy of pizza?  2.) What are advantages and disadvantages that you the consumer receive from this? What about the pizza businesses?  3.) Would you go into the pizza business?

The Merit System of the Government Bureaucracy  Government hiring is based on merit, qualifications, and/or experience. experience.  Hiring may be based on testing. What? I just want to hire my friends? PENDLETON ACT (1883) – GOVERNMENT JOBS SHOULD BE AWARED BASED ON MERIT.

The Structure of the Federal Bureaucracy Leads to Bureaucratic Independence.  The Bureaucracy is large – over 2 million Federal Government employees – size leads to independence and the bureaucracy being termed the fourth branch.  Specialization of the bureaucracy.  Some have tenure protections (positions within the FCC, EPA, and HUD among others).  Independent Regulatory Commissions/Agencies. SALLY JEWELL SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR

The Complexity of Public Policy Problems Lead to Bureaucratic Independence.  Specialization.  Delegated authority – the President and Congress cannot handle everything.  Discretionary authority – agencies fill in the gaps. SHAUN DONOVAN SECRETARY OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT

Congress Can Check the Bureaucracy Through the Constitution  Appropriations.  Legislation can be passed that impacts the bureaucracy.  Congress can reject appointments to the bureaucracy.  Executive officials can be impeached.

The Supreme Court Can Limit the Bureaucracy  Court rulings can limit bureaucratic practices.  Bureaucratic actions can be declared unconstitutional.  Injunctions against Federal agencies. IN RE DEBS! EUGENE DEBS VIOLATED THE INJUNCTION!

Interest Groups can Check the Bureaucracy  The media.  Lobbying.  Protests.  Free speech.