The development of the equalities scheme in the Crown Prosecution Service Shehla Husain Equality and Diversity Unit 12 April 2007

CPS Single Equality Scheme Published 4 December 2006 Published 4 December 2006 Race Equality Scheme, Disability Equality Scheme and Gender Equality Scheme Race Equality Scheme, Disability Equality Scheme and Gender Equality Scheme Also encompassed developing legal obligations with respect to the new equality strands of sexuality and gender identity, religion or belief and age Also encompassed developing legal obligations with respect to the new equality strands of sexuality and gender identity, religion or belief and age

Gender and Gender Identity Equality and Inequality The Evidence Base: Employment 66.8% of staff were women; 32.2% men 66.8% of staff were women; 32.2% men Grades with highest representation of women were A1(78.3%), A2 (77.9%), legal trainee (72%) - CCP (24.5%) Grades with highest representation of women were A1(78.3%), A2 (77.9%), legal trainee (72%) - CCP (24.5%) 28.5% of women staff worked alternate working patterns; 3.3% men 28.5% of women staff worked alternate working patterns; 3.3% men Staff perception and satisfaction: broad similarities in views Staff perception and satisfaction: broad similarities in views Note: data from

The Evidence Base: Defendants, Victims and Witnesses Charging Impact Assessment, : Charging Impact Assessment, : Over 99% recording of gender data Over 99% recording of gender data Men (39.5%) more likely than women (34.8%) to receive a charge Men (39.5%) more likely than women (34.8%) to receive a charge Women (5.3%) more likely than men (3.3%) to have their case finalised by a decision to caution/reprimand/warning Women (5.3%) more likely than men (3.3%) to have their case finalised by a decision to caution/reprimand/warning Women (35.7%) more likely than men (32%) to receive NFA on evidential grounds Women (35.7%) more likely than men (32%) to receive NFA on evidential grounds

CPS Prosecution Policies CPS responsible for prosecution of criminal offences of violence against women: CPS responsible for prosecution of criminal offences of violence against women: domestic violence, rape and other sexual assaults, human trafficking, prostitution, child abuse & developing policy on elder abuse domestic violence, rape and other sexual assaults, human trafficking, prostitution, child abuse & developing policy on elder abuse forced marriage, so-called honour crimes and female genital mutilation are addressed under the umbrella of domestic violence forced marriage, so-called honour crimes and female genital mutilation are addressed under the umbrella of domestic violence Development of a co-ordinated strategy of Violence Against Women in – a key component of the Gender and Gender Identity Equality Action Plan Development of a co-ordinated strategy of Violence Against Women in – a key component of the Gender and Gender Identity Equality Action Plan

CPS Data Collection Manual Domestic Violence Snapshots since 2002 – based on one months data Manual Domestic Violence Snapshots since 2002 – based on one months data Electronic recording of Domestic Violence data since Electronic recording of Domestic Violence data since Hate crime indicator introduced in Hate crime indicator introduced in Hate crimes: racially and religiously aggravated crimes, homophobic crimes, domestic violence - and from April disability hate crimes Hate crimes: racially and religiously aggravated crimes, homophobic crimes, domestic violence - and from April disability hate crimes 36% national target to reduce unsuccessful hate crime outcomes by April 2007 (target met by Dec 2006) 36% national target to reduce unsuccessful hate crime outcomes by April 2007 (target met by Dec 2006)

Monitoring of hate crime target Quarterly assessment of each CPS Area performance on tackling hate crimes Quarterly assessment of each CPS Area performance on tackling hate crimes Meetings at least once a year with Director of Public Prosecution and Chief Executive Meetings at least once a year with Director of Public Prosecution and Chief Executive Project and Performance Advisors in 4 Regions Project and Performance Advisors in 4 Regions Also measure community engagement – 2 nd key equality performance indicator Also measure community engagement – 2 nd key equality performance indicator

Data breakdown Defendant outcomes analysed: Defendant outcomes analysed: Successful and unsuccessful – gender and ethnicity Successful and unsuccessful – gender and ethnicity Breakdown of reasons for unsuccessful cases Breakdown of reasons for unsuccessful cases Principal offences Principal offences Victim/witness data analysed: Victim/witness data analysed: Witness Management System – police and CPS Witness Management System – police and CPS Difficulties in getting data on gender and ethnicity Difficulties in getting data on gender and ethnicity

Gender data From all hate crime data is broken down by gender and ethnicity – for defendants and victims From all hate crime data is broken down by gender and ethnicity – for defendants and victims Analysis of details of outcomes by gender of defendant Analysis of details of outcomes by gender of defendant Cross flagging of DV cases by child abuse, rape, racially/religiously aggravated crimes; homophobic crimes & drug intervention programmes Cross flagging of DV cases by child abuse, rape, racially/religiously aggravated crimes; homophobic crimes & drug intervention programmes Rape cases are also flagged though regular reporting not yet in place Rape cases are also flagged though regular reporting not yet in place

Results The numbers of recorded domestic violence prosecutions from April – December 2006 had increased by 19% from the same period in 2005 (from 35,231 to 41,860 cases) The numbers of recorded domestic violence prosecutions from April – December 2006 had increased by 19% from the same period in 2005 (from 35,231 to 41,860 cases) Discontinued domestic violence cases reduced from 33% to 28% and the use of bindovers from 15% to 8% in the same period Discontinued domestic violence cases reduced from 33% to 28% and the use of bindovers from 15% to 8% in the same period Successful prosecutions had increased from 46% in December 2003 to 65.4% by December 2006 Successful prosecutions had increased from 46% in December 2003 to 65.4% by December 2006

Results An indicator was also used to identify the proportion of successful prosecution outcomes in relation to the number of incidents where an arrest was made with quarterly reports: From April – September 2006 the average was 17.1% (compared with 15.4% in 2005) An indicator was also used to identify the proportion of successful prosecution outcomes in relation to the number of incidents where an arrest was made with quarterly reports: From April – September 2006 the average was 17.1% (compared with 15.4% in 2005) From April 2006, DV data analysed by gender and ethnicity of defendant: From April to December 2006, 95% of defendants were male, with 17% from minority ethnic communities (analysis only currently carried out between July and Sept 2006 for ethnicity). From April 2006, DV data analysed by gender and ethnicity of defendant: From April to December 2006, 95% of defendants were male, with 17% from minority ethnic communities (analysis only currently carried out between July and Sept 2006 for ethnicity).

New flags New flags on details of victim retractions in hate crimes from April 2007 New flags on details of victim retractions in hate crimes from April 2007 New flags piloted from June 2007 on forced marriage and so-called honour- based violence in 4 Areas New flags piloted from June 2007 on forced marriage and so-called honour- based violence in 4 Areas From November 2007 monitoring of relationship between defendant and victim in hate crimes and support from specialist hate crime services From November 2007 monitoring of relationship between defendant and victim in hate crimes and support from specialist hate crime services

Future plans 28% national target Hate crime target to reduce unsuccessful outcomes for % national target Hate crime target to reduce unsuccessful outcomes for Split of target for each type of hate crime – DV (80% of hate crime) will have 30% target Split of target for each type of hate crime – DV (80% of hate crime) will have 30% target Report of all data and analysis by autumn 2008: CPS Annual Hate Crimes Report published Report of all data and analysis by autumn 2008: CPS Annual Hate Crimes Report published

CPS priorities Single Equality Scheme – Gender and Gender Identity Equality Action Plan Single Equality Scheme – Gender and Gender Identity Equality Action Plan For CPS has one of its key priorities: For CPS has one of its key priorities: Ensuring we respond to public needs by delivering on community justice, developing our responses to hate crime, violence against women and community engagement Ensuring we respond to public needs by delivering on community justice, developing our responses to hate crime, violence against women and community engagement