Parkinson’s and Calcium Channels

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Parkinson’s and Calcium Channels AP Biology Cell Communication Presentation Claire, Amira, and Anne Parkinson’s and Calcium Channels

Explanation of Parkinson’s A Neurodegenerative Disorder It affects movement There is no cure Dopamine neurons die Explanation of Parkinson’s

Connection to Signaling Dopamine is the ligand It is sent out from the Dopamine neuron Dopamine receptor proteins accept the ligand These occur on target neurons In the normal pathway proper amounts of dopamine ignite the neurons In Parkinson’s high levels of calcium also enter the neuron along with the dopamine

Connection to Transduction normal dopamine release pathway: dopamine binds to D1- and D2-type receptors. D1 receptors signal G proteins that activate adenylate cyclase, which then cause production of cAMP and activation of PKA D2-type receptors inhibit adenylate cyclase to prevent signaling Parkinson’s disease: the signal transduction pathway is essentially the same the dopamine levels are different dysfunctional mitochondria: mitochondrial protein PINK1 guards the cell against oxidative stress and regulates the protein TRAP1 PINK1 does not function properly, neither does TRAP1, mitochondria is damaged. creates an excess of α-synuclein, which turns into Lewy Bodies that prevent dopamine synthesis. α-synuclein buildup + calcium buildup from calcium channels can lead to lead to cell death. Connection to Transduction

Connection to Cellular Response The response to a healthy dopaminergic neuron is an electrical impulse caused by the influx of calcium ions through the calcium channels. The electrical impulse allows for proper motor control. The response of these cells in a person with Parkinson's disease involves the influx of too many calcium ions, putting stress on the cells' mitochondria. The mitochondria then release a substance that causes premature apoptosis. Connection to Cellular Response

Works Cited "Can Calcium Channel Blockers Save Stressed-Out Dopaminergic Neurons? | ALZFORUM." Can Calcium Channel Blockers Save Stressed-Out Dopaminergic Neurons? | ALZFORUM. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Dec. 2014. "Cyclic Voltammetry for the Detection of Dopamine in Vivo." CV. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Dec. 2014. "Especially for People with Parkinson’s Disease." Seneca Physical Therapy and Wellness Center » Parkinsons Disease. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Dec. 2014. "The Journal of Experimental Biology." Different Types of Calcium Channels. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Dec. 2014. L-Type Calcium Channel Blockers and Parkinson’s Disease in Denmark. National Institutes of Health, n.d. Web. "Monthly Archives: July 2012." Autoimmune Patient. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Dec. 2014. "Parkinson's Disease." Definition. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2014. "Parkinson's Disease." Symptoms. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2014. "Research Brings Cure for Parkinson's Disease a Step Closer." Research Brings Cure for Parkinson's Disease a Step Closer. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Dec. 2014. "Science News." Calcium Channels Changes Could Point to New Therapies. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Dec. 2014. "TO SLOW PARKINSON’S, SHUT OUT CALCIUM." N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Dec. 2014. Little, Liann. "Parkinson's Cell Signaling Communication." Prezi.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Dec. 2014. "Dopamine Signaling in Parkinson's Disease Pathway." Cell Signaling Technology (CST): Antibodies, Reagents, Proteomics, Kits and Consumables. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Dec. 2014. McCleskey, E. W., A. P. Fox, D. Feldman, and R. W. Tsein. "Different Types of Calcium Channels." (1986): 177-90. Web. 9 Dec. 2014. Rogers, Madolyn B. "Can Calcium Channel Blockers Save Stressed-Out Dopaminergic Neurons?" Alzforum. Biomedical Research Forum, LLC., 11 Nov. 2010. Web. 9 Dec. 2014.