The state of Local Governance in South Africa Lessons from the Local Governance Barometer

Local Governance Barometer Develop by Impact Alliance Members Develop by Impact Alliance Members Pact Pact Idasa Idasa SNV SNV "governance" means: the process of decision- making and the process by which decisions are implemented (or not implemented). "governance" means: the process of decision- making and the process by which decisions are implemented (or not implemented).

Assessing Local Governance if governance matters, measuring governance matters too if governance matters, measuring governance matters too Complex Complex Multi-dimensional (economic, political, socio- cultural) processes Multi-dimensional (economic, political, socio- cultural) processes All levels of public & private interventions All levels of public & private interventions Subjective (perception) Subjective (perception)

LGB Applications Countries Countries Botswana (Gaborone and Central District) Botswana (Gaborone and Central District) South Africa (15 local authorities) South Africa (15 local authorities) Malawi (2 districts) Malawi (2 districts) Tanzania (1 district) Tanzania (1 district) Lesotho ( 2 districts) Lesotho ( 2 districts) Respondents Respondents Councillors, officials, ordinary citizens Councillors, officials, ordinary citizens

High Level Indicators/Criteria The principal quality criteria of governance are 1- Public power effectiveness and efficiency 2- Rule of law 3- Accountability 4- Participation 5- And equity The principal quality criteria of governance are 1- Public power effectiveness and efficiency 2- Rule of law 3- Accountability 4- Participation 5- And equity

LGB Main criteria Effectiveness/Efficiency Effectiveness/Efficiency The way in which planned activities are realised and the expected results are achieved in a cost-effective ways The way in which planned activities are realised and the expected results are achieved in a cost-effective ways Rule of Law Rule of Law The application, compliance and enforcement of legislationand policies regulating local government The application, compliance and enforcement of legislationand policies regulating local government Accountability Accountability The extent to which political leaders are seen to be acting responsibly and responsively, and how the information is made available The extent to which political leaders are seen to be acting responsibly and responsively, and how the information is made available Participation Participation Community particpation in development, implementation, and M+E of municipal governance processes Community particpation in development, implementation, and M+E of municipal governance processes Equity Equity The extent of equal access and inclusiveness to municipal services among citizens The extent of equal access and inclusiveness to municipal services among citizens

South Africa Outputs Overall Scores (out of 100) Effectiveness53 Rule of Law 44 Accountability51 Participation53 Equity51

Issues Effectiveness Councils are failing to communicate their vision, plans, and challenges for development Councils are failing to communicate their vision, plans, and challenges for development Council committees are not functioning Council committees are not functioning Council information is communicated in highly technical ways, thus alienating ordinary citizens Council information is communicated in highly technical ways, thus alienating ordinary citizens Lack of mechanisms to measure and improve customer satisfaction Lack of mechanisms to measure and improve customer satisfaction Government structures are not communicating to each other on how best to tackle matters of under development Government structures are not communicating to each other on how best to tackle matters of under development

Issues Rule of Law Councillors do not adhere to their own code of conduct Councillors do not adhere to their own code of conduct Admin staff are entangled in party-politics Admin staff are entangled in party-politics Lack of anti-corruption strategies Lack of anti-corruption strategies Civil societys lack of understanding of local government legislation and operations Civil societys lack of understanding of local government legislation and operations

Issues Accountability Poor information flow from councils to citizens Poor information flow from councils to citizens CSOs inability to make use of existing mechanisms to hold councils accountable (lack of skills on advocacy and lobbying) CSOs inability to make use of existing mechanisms to hold councils accountable (lack of skills on advocacy and lobbying) Lack of mechanisms to review council decisions or to lodge complaints Lack of mechanisms to review council decisions or to lodge complaints Statutory structures for participation are ineffective, yet CSO are unable to create alternative structures Statutory structures for participation are ineffective, yet CSO are unable to create alternative structures

Issues Participation and civic engagement Difference on perception btwn councillors (60) and citizens (40) Difference on perception btwn councillors (60) and citizens (40) Participation is according to law vs the need to engage and reach consensus Participation is according to law vs the need to engage and reach consensus Government listens to citizens but does not respond accordingly (Inability of citizens to influence decision making) Government listens to citizens but does not respond accordingly (Inability of citizens to influence decision making) Council meetings highly technical and citizens withdrawal from such incomprehensible processes and discussions Council meetings highly technical and citizens withdrawal from such incomprehensible processes and discussions

Issues Equity Under-representation of women in structures of government (councils and administration) Under-representation of women in structures of government (councils and administration) Lack of government policies to adress special needs of the disabled, youth, women, and the elderly Lack of government policies to adress special needs of the disabled, youth, women, and the elderly Municipalities inability to localise central governments policies on HIV/Aids Municipalities inability to localise central governments policies on HIV/Aids

Lessons Governments Municipalities struggle to juggle demands and supply pressures Municipalities struggle to juggle demands and supply pressures Citizens continually show consumerist behaviour patterns (demanding more and better quality services but are less willing or able to participate in the affairs of the state) Citizens continually show consumerist behaviour patterns (demanding more and better quality services but are less willing or able to participate in the affairs of the state) Party political interests over-ride the interests of communities Party political interests over-ride the interests of communities Local authorities have to perform functions that are poorly funded by national government Local authorities have to perform functions that are poorly funded by national government

Lesson (cont..) A need to build local government institutions that are: A need to build local government institutions that are: Catalytic (steer rather than row – see that services are provided rather than always delivering them directly Catalytic (steer rather than row – see that services are provided rather than always delivering them directly Community-empowering (encourage local groups to solve their own problems) Community-empowering (encourage local groups to solve their own problems) Competitive rather than monopolistic –by deregulating and privatising services that could be carried out by the private sector Competitive rather than monopolistic –by deregulating and privatising services that could be carried out by the private sector Customer driven Customer driven

Lessons Civil Society A need to create a CS that: A need to create a CS that: Knows and understand local government legislation and processes Knows and understand local government legislation and processes Has the ability to conduct proper budget analysis Has the ability to conduct proper budget analysis Is itself transparent and accountable and actively involves citizens Is itself transparent and accountable and actively involves citizens Has skills of lobbying and advocacy Has skills of lobbying and advocacy Engages in civic education to enhance citizens understanding of their rights and duties Engages in civic education to enhance citizens understanding of their rights and duties

End Siyabonga Memela