Social Psychology Chapter 20 & 21 Review. Group Behavior When the desire to be part of a group prevents a person from seeing other alternatives.

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Presentation transcript:

Social Psychology Chapter 20 & 21 Review

Group Behavior When the desire to be part of a group prevents a person from seeing other alternatives.

Groupthink

Group Behavior When a person performs better in front of a group.

Social facilitation

Group Behavior Not doing your best in a group because you think others will do more

Social Loafing

Group Behavior When group attitudes become stronger after they discuss and act upon the shared attitudes.

Polarization

Group Behavior When a person is willing to do things with a group they would not do alone.

Risky Shift

Group Behavior Feeling you are less responsible when with a group

Diffusion of responsibility

Group Behavior Loss of self-awareness and self- restraint, and loss of sense of responsibility when in a group.

Deindividuation

Helping & Moral Behavior Sacrificing your own welfare to help another person.

Alturism

Helping & Moral Behavior Obviously neglecting someone needing help because of diffusion of responsibility.

Bystander Effect

Helping & Moral Behavior Any behavior that helps another person.

Prosocial Behavior

Helping & Moral Behavior This real life case study led to the theory of bystander effect.

Kitty Genovese Murder

Helping & Moral Behavior These experimenters tested helping behavior by faking an epileptic seizure.

Darley & Latane

Conformity & Obedience Found people would knowingly give the wrong answer to conform to the group.

Asch’s Line Experiment

Conformity & Obedience Unspoken or unwritten rules – you don’t pass gas in math class but you might when with friends.

Implicit Norms

Conformity & Obedience Guidelines for what people should or should not do in a situation

Social Norms

Conformity & Obedience Spoken or written rules – dress codes or traffic laws.

Explicit Norms

Conformity & Obedience Our the desire to be correct makes us more likely to conform

Informational social influence

Conformity & Obedience – Our desire to gain social acceptance and approval that causes us to conform

Normative social influence

Conformity & Obedience Found most people would obey an authority figure to do something hurtful to another if authority figure accepted responsibility.

Milgram’s Shock Experiment

Aggression Found good people will become aggressive in the right environment or when they buy into their roles

Zimbardo’s Prison Study

Social Perception People get what they deserve and they deserve what they get.

Just-World Bias

Social Perception Recent interactions with a person cause you to change your opinion about them.

Recency Effect

Social Perception “When I get good grades it is because I am smart. When I don’t it is because the teacher is bad.”

Self-Serving bias

Social Perception The mental processes used in making judgments about people.

Person perception

Social Perception First impressions are lasting impressions; dress up for a job interview.

Primacy Effect

Social Perception When you think a person is rude because the only time you saw the person was when they were impolite to another; forming a judgment on one behavioral observation.

Actor-Observer Bias

Social Perception Tendency to give too much weight to personality factors and not enough weight to situational factors when observing someone’s behavior.

Fundamental Attribution Error

Social Perception “When something bad happens it is always my fault. When something good happens it is luck.”

Self-Effacing Bias

Social Perception “She deserved to be mugged for being in that neighborhood after dark.” Their misfortune is their own fault.

Blaming the Victim

Social Perception Ignores a person’s unique qualities and makes a conclusion about a person based on limited information. Like to group people

Social Categorization

Social Perception We often explain our own behavior differently than we explain the behavior of other people; can lead to errors.

Attribution Theory

Social Perception Waitresses received higher tips when making change with their customers this way.

Physical Contact

Attitudes & Prejudice Positive or negative evaluation of a person, object or idea.

Attitudes

Attitudes & Prejudice Prejudice was overcome when groups cooperate to achieve a common goal.

Robbers Cave

Attitudes & Prejudice Blaming a complex problem on an undeserving group.

Scapegoat Theory

Attitudes & Prejudice After being discriminated against, a person may put down another group that is worse off in order to gain power.

Victimization

Attitudes & Prejudice Unfair treatment of a person because they are part of a particular group.

Discrimination

Attitudes & Prejudice Children will imitate their parents’ attitudes and parents will reinforce these attitudes in their children.

Social Learning

Attitudes & Prejudice Unjustifiable attitude towards a group or a member; usually negative.

Prejudice

Attitudes & Prejudice Belief that people with less money are lazy and do not work as hard.

Justifying Economic Status

Attitudes & Prejudice Oversimplified belief about a group that is certainly not true about all people in that group. Tall people are good basketball players.

Stereotype

Attitudes & Prejudice Tendency to favor one’s own group even at the expense of others.

Ingroup Bias

Attitudes & Prejudice Tendency to see people who are not part of our group as being very similar, when we see people of our own group as varied.

Out-Group Homogeneity Effect

Attitudes & Prejudice This experiment with school children showed how quickly ingroups and outgroups can be formed and how prejudice can influence one’s performance.

Jane Elliot’s Blue/Brown Eye Experiment