Social Psychology Chapter 20 & 21 Review
Group Behavior When the desire to be part of a group prevents a person from seeing other alternatives.
Groupthink
Group Behavior When a person performs better in front of a group.
Social facilitation
Group Behavior Not doing your best in a group because you think others will do more
Social Loafing
Group Behavior When group attitudes become stronger after they discuss and act upon the shared attitudes.
Polarization
Group Behavior When a person is willing to do things with a group they would not do alone.
Risky Shift
Group Behavior Feeling you are less responsible when with a group
Diffusion of responsibility
Group Behavior Loss of self-awareness and self- restraint, and loss of sense of responsibility when in a group.
Deindividuation
Helping & Moral Behavior Sacrificing your own welfare to help another person.
Alturism
Helping & Moral Behavior Obviously neglecting someone needing help because of diffusion of responsibility.
Bystander Effect
Helping & Moral Behavior Any behavior that helps another person.
Prosocial Behavior
Helping & Moral Behavior This real life case study led to the theory of bystander effect.
Kitty Genovese Murder
Helping & Moral Behavior These experimenters tested helping behavior by faking an epileptic seizure.
Darley & Latane
Conformity & Obedience Found people would knowingly give the wrong answer to conform to the group.
Asch’s Line Experiment
Conformity & Obedience Unspoken or unwritten rules – you don’t pass gas in math class but you might when with friends.
Implicit Norms
Conformity & Obedience Guidelines for what people should or should not do in a situation
Social Norms
Conformity & Obedience Spoken or written rules – dress codes or traffic laws.
Explicit Norms
Conformity & Obedience Our the desire to be correct makes us more likely to conform
Informational social influence
Conformity & Obedience – Our desire to gain social acceptance and approval that causes us to conform
Normative social influence
Conformity & Obedience Found most people would obey an authority figure to do something hurtful to another if authority figure accepted responsibility.
Milgram’s Shock Experiment
Aggression Found good people will become aggressive in the right environment or when they buy into their roles
Zimbardo’s Prison Study
Social Perception People get what they deserve and they deserve what they get.
Just-World Bias
Social Perception Recent interactions with a person cause you to change your opinion about them.
Recency Effect
Social Perception “When I get good grades it is because I am smart. When I don’t it is because the teacher is bad.”
Self-Serving bias
Social Perception The mental processes used in making judgments about people.
Person perception
Social Perception First impressions are lasting impressions; dress up for a job interview.
Primacy Effect
Social Perception When you think a person is rude because the only time you saw the person was when they were impolite to another; forming a judgment on one behavioral observation.
Actor-Observer Bias
Social Perception Tendency to give too much weight to personality factors and not enough weight to situational factors when observing someone’s behavior.
Fundamental Attribution Error
Social Perception “When something bad happens it is always my fault. When something good happens it is luck.”
Self-Effacing Bias
Social Perception “She deserved to be mugged for being in that neighborhood after dark.” Their misfortune is their own fault.
Blaming the Victim
Social Perception Ignores a person’s unique qualities and makes a conclusion about a person based on limited information. Like to group people
Social Categorization
Social Perception We often explain our own behavior differently than we explain the behavior of other people; can lead to errors.
Attribution Theory
Social Perception Waitresses received higher tips when making change with their customers this way.
Physical Contact
Attitudes & Prejudice Positive or negative evaluation of a person, object or idea.
Attitudes
Attitudes & Prejudice Prejudice was overcome when groups cooperate to achieve a common goal.
Robbers Cave
Attitudes & Prejudice Blaming a complex problem on an undeserving group.
Scapegoat Theory
Attitudes & Prejudice After being discriminated against, a person may put down another group that is worse off in order to gain power.
Victimization
Attitudes & Prejudice Unfair treatment of a person because they are part of a particular group.
Discrimination
Attitudes & Prejudice Children will imitate their parents’ attitudes and parents will reinforce these attitudes in their children.
Social Learning
Attitudes & Prejudice Unjustifiable attitude towards a group or a member; usually negative.
Prejudice
Attitudes & Prejudice Belief that people with less money are lazy and do not work as hard.
Justifying Economic Status
Attitudes & Prejudice Oversimplified belief about a group that is certainly not true about all people in that group. Tall people are good basketball players.
Stereotype
Attitudes & Prejudice Tendency to favor one’s own group even at the expense of others.
Ingroup Bias
Attitudes & Prejudice Tendency to see people who are not part of our group as being very similar, when we see people of our own group as varied.
Out-Group Homogeneity Effect
Attitudes & Prejudice This experiment with school children showed how quickly ingroups and outgroups can be formed and how prejudice can influence one’s performance.
Jane Elliot’s Blue/Brown Eye Experiment