Chapter 4 THE DEVELOPING PERSON

CONCEPTION

 Fewer than ½ of fertilized eggs (zygotes) survive  1 st week cell division produces 100 cells  10 days zygote attaches to uterine wall and becomes the placenta  The inner cells become the embyro PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT

FUNNY

 The embyro body and organs begin to form and function  Heart beat begins  Liver begins to make red blood cells EMBRYO: 6 WEEKS

 Embryo look unmistakably human  It is now a Fetus EMBRYO: 9 WEEKS

 Internal organs such as stomach have formed and are functioning  Gives fetus a chance of surviving premature birth FETUS: 6 MONTHS

 At each prenatal stage, genetic and environmental factors affect development  Nutrients and teratogens are passed from mother  Example: a mother who drinks heavily puts her fetus at risk for FAS (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome) NUTRITION AND THE MOTHER

NEWBORNS

 Surprising compotent  Sensory equipment and reflexes help with interaction with adults  Rooting reflex  Prefer objects within 8-12 inches  Distance of a nursing mothers eyes  Know mothers odor and voice THE AMAZING NEWBORN

INFANCY

 After birth neural networks have a growth spurt  Muturation set the course of development  Experiences adjust it  Lack of neural connections explain why we can’t remember those developmental years  3.5 yrs. old is average memory start time INFANTS

 Infants begin cognition (thinking, knowing, remembering)  Begin forming schemas that help assimilate our experiences  Infants go from sensorimotor stage to object permanaence  Things exist even when out of sight SENSORIMOTOR TO OBJECT PERMANENCE

 8 months  Infants prefer familiar voices and faces  Begin showing stranger anxiety  Become attached because of warmth and comfort  Not imprinted like animals  Forms over time ATTACHMENT

1 ST POOPY DIAPER I CHANGED

ADOLESCENCE

 Adolescence is the transformation from childhood to adult hood  Puberty  Begins in girls at 11 and boys at 13  Primary Sex Characteristics: Reproductive Organs  Secondary Sex Characteristics:  Females: Breasts and hips  Males: facial hair, deeper voice  Both: Underarm and pubic hair  Landmarks  Males: 1 st ejaculation age 14  Females: Menarche age 12 TRANSITION

 Erik Erikson: Adolescence is to solidify one’s identity  We try different selves  We gather them all into a self and then feel ready for intimacy  Gender differences  Females: interdependent and open  Males: closed and selective SELF

Show part 18 of discovering psychology ADULTHOOD

 Middle Adulthood  Barely noticed physical changes occur and begin to accelerate during middle adulthood  For women Menopause  Later Life  Declining perception, strength, and stamina  Brain remain healthy  Unless brain disease like Alzheimer’s acquired DECLINE

 Memory  Recognition remains strong, recall declines  Research  Cross-Sectional Studies  Steady intellectual decline in early adulthood  Longitudinal Studies  Intellectual stability until late in life  Fluid Intelligence  Declines later in life  Crystallized Intelligence  Does not decline DECLINE CON’T

 We will al suffer from the loss of relatives or friends  Most difficult: Spouse  Women suffer this 5 times more than men  Most serve is death before social clock  Death of a child  Early death of spouse  The Five Stages of Death  Denial  Anger  Bargaining  Depression  Acceptance DEATH