فعل و فعل واره

“Imagination is more important than knowledge.” Albert Einstein

فعل در جمله پنج شکل دارد. work = / با قاعده build = بی قاعده V1 (do) work/build V2 (did) worked/built V3 (done) worked/built V4 (doing) working/building V5 (to do) to work/to build

فعل در جمله + … فعل + فاعل زمان مفرد/جمع معلوم/مجهول + …فعل واره +(مفعول) + فعل + فاعل do done doing to do ☼ فعل بلافاصله پس از فاعل می آید و زمان، مفرد یا جمع بودن فاعل، و معلوم و یا مجهول بودن جمله را نشان می دهد. ☼ فعل واره پس از فعل اصلی(دارای زمان) می آید و چهار شکل (ساده)، (دارای to)، (بدون to) و ( ing دار) را دارد.

► They (do) work in Tehran. ► They do work in Tehran. ► They don’t work in Tehran. ► Do they work in Tehran? ► He (does) plays football. ► He does play football. ► He doesn’t play football. ► Does he play football? زمان حال ساده = بیان واقعیت☼ ☼ زمان حال ساده در فاعل سوم شخص مفرد S فرم می شود. بعد از فاعل زمان حال ساده را می سازد. V1 ☼ + … فعل (Verb) + فاعل V1 (do) work/build V1 (do) I work/build … He works/builds …

ادامه V1 ► He can play football. ► You should work hard. + …فعل واره + فعل + فاعل فعل کمکی V1 can work/build will work/build must work/build should work/build may work/build

V1 ادامه فعل + فاعل + + مفعولV1 let/let/let اجازه دادن make/made/made وادار كردن have/had/had وادار كردن help/helped/helped كمك كردن (doer) Ali/him/them/… do/go/study/… ☼ در این ساختار فعل اصلی مفهوم اجازه دادن ، وادار کردن و کمک کردن دارد. مفعول در واقع کننده کار است. The teacher made the students do a lot of homework. The judge had the witness repeat this statement. He helped us (to) move the boxes. My father let me go to the movies with my friends.

V1 ادامه فعل + فاعل + + مفعول V1 hear/heard/heard شنيدن see/saw/seen ديدن feel/felt/felt متوجه شدن watch(ed) نظارت كردن observe(d) مشاهده كردن listen(ed) گوش دادن notice(d) متوجه شدن him her Ali my friend work study play I heard him cough. (فقط يكبار )

►They (did) built a house last year. ►They did build a house last year. ► They didn’t build a house last year. ► Did they build a house last year? V2 worked/built I worked/built He worked/built ☼ زمان گذشته ساده = یکبار در زمان مشخصی در گذشته انجام و تمام شده است. + … فعل + فاعل V2

V3 worked/built فعل کمکی have/has/had ► I have (just/already) closed the door. ► I have worked for 3 hours/days/weeks/months/years. ► He has lived in Tehran since 2003/yesterday/last year. ► I had finished it before/when you called. ► After I had finished it, you called. ☼ زمان های کامل: have/has + V3 = زمان حال کامل( ماضی نقلی) عملی که مدتی طول کشیده اما حالا تمام شده است. had + V3 = زمان گذشته کامل (ماضی بعید) عملی که قبل از عمل دیگری ( گذشته ساده) تمام شده است. + V3 … + فاعل

ادامه V3 فعل کمکی am; is; are was; were will be; can be; may be have been; has been had been am/is/are being was/were being زمان های مجهول ► The bridge is built. ► The bridge was built. ► The bridge will be built. ► The bridge has been built. ► The bridge had been built. ► The bridge is being built. ☼ بین فاعل و فعل دو نوع رابطه وجود دارد: فاعل روی فعل تاثیر می گذارد که رابطه معلوم است اما وقتی که فعل روی فاعل تاثیر می گذارد رابطه مجهول می شود. V فاعل ● فعل + فاعل معلوم فعل + فاعل مجهول

V3 ادامه + V3مفعول + فعل +فاعل● car room house hair get have make hear find want ►He couldn't make his voice heard. ► I want this work finished quickly. ► I heard my name called. ► We found the house deserted. ► I got my watch repaired. ► He had his car repaired..جمله را مجهول می کند V3 ☼

V4 working/building V فاعل am; is; are was; were will be; can be; may be have been; has been had been am/is/are being was/were being He is working now. He was working when I called him. I will be working at 10 tomorrow. working/studying/playing

1) Working is useful. subject 2) I like working. object admit appreciate avoid can't help consider detest enjoy escape finish forgive keep mind miss postpone recommend resist risk suggest tolerate understand V4 = Gerund ☼ در جمله 1 نقش فاعلی و در جمله 2 نقش مفعولی دارد. در جمله 2 فعل اصلی متعدی است و نیاز به مفعول دارد. افعال متعدی در ترجمه به فارسی با کلماتی چون از، به، را معنی می شوند. Verbal

V1 ادامه فعل + فاعل + + مفعول V4 hear/heard/heard شنيدن see/saw/seen ديدن feel/felt/felt متوجه شدن watch(ed) نظارت كردن observe(d) مشاهده كردن listen(ed) گوش دادن notice(d) متوجه شدن him her Ali my friend working studying playing I heard him coughing. (مكررا )

find پيدا كردن catch گرفتن keep نگه داشتن www. DrMasan. com V4 + مفعول + فعل + فاعل doing/working/sleeping I found the child sleeping. The teacher caught him cheating in the exam. He kept us waiting for a long time.

V5 to work/to build 1) To work is useful. subject 2) I want to work. object afford agree be (am,is,are) claim decide demand deserve hope intend mean offer Plan prepare prove refuse regret remember seem struggle tend V5 = Infinitive ☼ در جمله 1 نقش فاعلی و در جمله 2 نقش مفعولی ( متمم) دارد. در جمله 2 فعل اصلی ناقص است و نیاز به متمم دارد. Verbal

advise appoint cause caution challenge command compel convince direct enable encourage forbid force www. DrMasan. com فعل + فاعل + + مفعول V1 get help Hire implore instruct motivate oblige order permit persuade doing/working I permit him to use my dictionary. The teacher did not allow us to go out. He persuaded him to buy him a bicycle. The teacher advised us to study regularly.

forget فراموش كردن mean (intend) قصد داشتن propose (plan) قصد داشتن remember به خاطرداشتن stop متوقف کردن try سعي كردن www. DrMasan. com + V4/V5(مفعول) + فعل + فاعل doing/to do taking/to take I'll never forget taking those beautiful pictures. I forgot to take my camera to the mountains last weekend.

Test on Verbs

1. I won't go out now as it and I don't have an umbrella. A. rained B. was raining C. rains D. is raining

2. Tom suddenly realized that he in the wrong direction. A. was traveling B. traveled C. is traveling D. travels

3. Helen this gold ring as she was digging in the garden. A. finds B. is finding C. found D. was finding

4. While we someone came to the house and left this note. A. fish B. were fishing C. fished D. are fishing

5. John always that he will mend the window but he never does it. A. is saying B. says C. was saying D. said

6. Banks more money these days to encourage businessmen to expand. A. were lending B. lend C. are lending D. lent

7. I the letter. Could you mail it on your way to work for me, please? A. have written B. have been writing C. had written D. had been writing

8. My father a history of World War II for the last two years. He thinks he will finish it by the end of next month. A. has written B. has been writing C. had written D. had been writing

9. The little boy a football against the wall all afternoon and is not tired yet. A. had been kicking B. was kicking C. has been kicking D. is kicking

10. As soon as Terry saw what , he switched off the electricity. A. is happening B. had happened C. has been happening D. has happened

11. Sue her homework all day and has not finished it yet. A. had typed B. had been typing C. has typed D. has been typing

12. Since I him, he has always worn the same sweater. A. have known B. had known. C. know D. knew

13. "Can we meet at 10:00 outside the station?" "Okay. I you there." A. will see B. will have seen C. am going to see D. have seen

14. By the time you get home, I the house from top to bottom. A. am going to clean B. will be cleaning C. will have cleaned D. have cleaned

15. By the time Simon is 40, he Spanish for 15 years. A. will have learned B. will be learning C. will have been learning D. will learn

16. By the time that Jeremy leaves school, his parents $25,000 on his education. A. will spend B. will have spent C. will be spending D. will have been spending

17.“I've planned my future for the next ten years.” “That's very clever of you. What when you leave the university?” A. will you do B are you going to do C. will you have done D. have you done

18. The boys tennis for two hours before the storm broke. A. have been playing B. are playing C. had been playing D. were playing

19. At noon tomorrow, I the children to their piano lessons. A. will have taken B. will be taking C. have taken D. will have been taking

20. By January, my father at the same job for twenty years. A. will have been working B. has been working C. will be working D. is working

21. The students' work a striking improvement since the new teacher took over the class. A. has shown B. shows C. had shown D. showed

22. We the repairs to your car by tomorrow morning. A. finish B. will have finished C. are finishing D. have finished

23. Ever since I first it, I've been trying to find a recording of that song. A. have heard B. had heard C. heard D. hear

24. Just as I into the bathroom, the fire alarm went off. A. have been getting B. had been getting C. am getting D. was getting

25. I've never seen Mary lose her temper since I her. A. had met B. have met C. meet D. met

Test on Verbals

26. I saw him out of his car. to drag dragging being dragged to be dragged

27. We can’t afford such an expensive car. We simple do not have enough money for it. buying to buy to be bought to have bought

28. I didn’t recall him any such thing. to say having been said to have said having said

29. I can't imagine his ever ---- to your proposal. to agree agreeing agreed to be agreed

30. I don't mind early today. you leave you to leave your leaving to your leaving

31. He made me all the work again. do doing done to do

32. You shouldn't let your wife you. dominate to dominate dominated dominating

33. Just as I was leaving the dormitory, I heard my name was calling calling has been called called

34. As I was driving across the bridge last night, I saw a man from the bridge into the sea. jump jumped to jump to have jumped

35. I'll never forget my first gold medal in athletics. winning to win to have won being won

36. I hear someone in the distance. Do you hear it, too? shout shouting shouted to shout

37. Don't forget us as soon as you arrive at your destination. to be called calling to call having called