Chapter 4 The Elements of Culture Defining Culture Chapter 4 The Elements of Culture

Objectives Define culture and explain its impact Explain how culture changes and spreads Describe how language unites and divides people and how it changes and spreads Identify and define three categories of religions Describe the worlds major religions Identify modes of cultural expression

Defining Culture The real question: What makes you similar to some people in the world but different from most others? Culture – the total of ___________, __________, and ___________ shared and passed on by the members of a specific group

Culture. . . . . . acts as a blueprint for how a group of people should behave if they want to fit in. (societal _______ and __________) . . . ties us to one group and separates us from other groups. Cultural Factors Food and shelter ___________ Relationships _______________ Education Security / Protection ________ and _______ Organization Creative Expression

Elements of Culture Social Organization A group that shares a geographic region, a sense of identity, and a culture is called a ________ Societies can be broken down into specific groups that share a language, customs, or a common heritage – ______ _______

Social Organization All societies have social classes – a way to rank people in order of status What can social classes be based on?

Elements of Culture Customs and Traditions – rules of ________ (written and unwritten)

Elements of Culture Creative Expression – products of the human imagination ___ ______ Literature _____ Folk Tales Teaches about cultural values Promotes cultural pride and unity

Elements of Culture _______ – belief in a supernatural power that is the creator and maintainer of life Three Categories Monotheism – belief in ____ god Polytheism – belief in _____ gods Anamistic – belief in divine forces of _______

Five Major Religions RELIGION M / P / A Date Founded Where Founded # of Followers / Name Judaism Christianity Islam Hinduism Buddhism

Elements of Culture Political Organization – ruling structure that provides for the common needs of society Democracy – _________ have the power ___________ – ruling family headed by a king or queen Dictatorship – an individual or group hold complete power Communism – government and economic system are controlled by the _________ in the name of the _____

Elements of Culture Economic Systems – the use of _______ to satisfy ______ or ______ Traditional – people produce most of what they need to survive Market Economy – buying and selling goods and services Command Economy – Government controls what/how goods are produced and what they cost Mixed – individuals make some economic decisions and the government makes others

Levels of Economic Activity Primary – involves gathering ___ _______ for use in making the final product Secondary – involves adding value to materials by changing their form Tertiary – involves providing ________ or __________ services Quaternary – provides information, management, and research

Elements of Culture MORE LATER Language – way to __________ and pass on traditions and beliefs MORE LATER

Culture Change and Exchange Innovation – taking existing technology and resources and creating something new to meet a need (EX) Diffusion – the spread of ideas, inventions, or patterns of behavior Acculturation – occurs when a society changes because it accepts or adopts an innovation

Be Careful of. . . Ethnocentrism – judging other cultures by the ________ of your own _______ – belief that one racial group is superior to another __________ – classifying people using an oversimplified opinion or image