Dr. Jeff Amato Geological Sciences Rocks Igneous Rocks.

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Presentation transcript:

Dr. Jeff Amato Geological Sciences Rocks Igneous Rocks

Themes for today: (1) Heat and the Earth (2) Melting processes (3) Differentiation (4) Igneous rock classification (5) Plate tectonics and igneous rocks

How do we know the Earth is hot?

Why is the Earth hot inside?

(1) Early collisions create heat. Planetesimals Protostar Planetesimal ~1 km

(2) Radioactive decay creates heat

Geothermal Gradient Rate of T increase with depth

Why is the Earth hot on the SURFACE?

90%

10%

What controls heat loss? Radiation Conduction Convection

Themes for today: (1) Heat and the Earth (2) Melting processes (3) Differentiation (4) Igneous rock classification (5) Plate tectonics and igneous rocks

How to form magma: 1) Raise the temperature 2) Lower the pressure 3) Add water

Phase Diagram for Water

Melting dry rocks

Melting wet rocks

How to form magma: 1) Raise the temperature: CRUSTAL MELTING 2) Lower the pressure: DECOMPRESSION MELTING 3) Add water: HYDRATION MELTING

Themes for today: (1) Heat and the Earth (2) Melting processes (3) Differentiation (4) Igneous rock classification (5) Plate tectonics and igneous rocks

Igneous Rock Classification Ultramafic Mafic Intermediate Felsic

From Ultramafic to Felsic…. Fe, Mg, Ca decreases Density decreases SiO 2 increases K, Na increases

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