Class: Aves Marine Birds.

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Presentation transcript:

Class: Aves Marine Birds

Characteristics Depend on the ocean for survival Lightweight bones Return to land to breed. Endothermic = create their own body heat 3 Types of feathers: 1- Down = small, fluffy, closest to skin, for warmth. 2- Contour = larger, cover wings and body, for flight. 3- Powder = Repel water, protect the down

http://www.birds.cornell.edu/ Online Bird Guide

Bird Orders Class Aves broken into 29 orders All orders end in –iformes Ex. Pelecaniformes- Pelicans (totipalmate swimmers) Ex. Passeriformes- Songbirds

Diving Pelagic Birds Open-ocean birds, spend most of their lives at sea Puffins, petrels, shearwaters, albatross Migrate thousands of km each year

Large nostrils located in short tubes on sides/top of bill Spend most of life at sea Come to land only to breed Wandering Albatross-Largest wingspan of all living birds (nearly 12 feet)

Wandering Albatross

Wandering Albatross chick

Shearwater

Penguins Can dive down 800 meters for food Flightless, marine, pelagic, swimming and diving birds The Emperor Penguin is the largest @ 4ft, 75lb

Penguins The most aquatic of all marine birds 15 species (all are in the Southern Hemisphere) No contour feather (can’t fly) Thick layer of fat and dense down feathers Excellent swimmers/divers Eyes adapted for underwater vision Both males and females take care of watching the egg and chicks

Babies Adelie Penguins Emperor Penguins

Rockhopper Penguin King Penguins

Penguin

Totipalmate Swimmers All 4 toes are webbed Pelicans, Gannets, Cormorants& Frigatebirds Some breathe through their mouth (nasal openings are closed)

American White Pelican

Blue-footed Booby

Long-legged Waders Herons, Egrets, Ibises, Spoonbills, Storks & Vultures Herons & Egrets have S shaped neck in flight

Herons & Egrets have S shaped neck in flight

Storks hold neck extended in flight

Bird populations decreased because of plume hunters (1902-1903) Fashionable for women to wear feathers in their hats 4 birds=1 ounce ($32/oz)

1,608 packages of plumes in a commercial sales room in 1902 Each package weighed 30 oz totaling 48,240 oz Required the lives of 192,960 herons

Flamingos Pink plumage due to carotenoids obtained from food, cyanobacteria Most unusual feature is the bent bill held upside down to feed

At one time occurred naturally in the state of Florida Nest made on a cone shaped pedestal of mud Young swim day of hatching

Flamingo

Marsh birds Crane, Coots & Moorhens Losing more species of birds than any major order of birds The Whooping Crane is the tallest American bird

Whooping Crane & chick

Sandhill Crane -More commonly seen

Roseate Spoonbill

Shorebirds Much diversity Divers, skimmers, waders Lakes, coastal waters, beaches, meadows

Shorebirds Sandpiper – narrow, pointed bill Snowy egret – long, flexible neck Roseate Spoonbill Sea ducks Sea Gull - scavengers

American Avocet

Diurnal Birds of Prey Hawks, Eagles, Kites & Ospreys Have short, decurved hooked beaks Excellent eyesight Feed on birds, mammals, fish or reptiles

Osprey

Kingfishers Large heads with spearlike bills Dive straight into water for fish

Belted Kingfisher

Perching Birds All the Songbirds Ex. Cardinals, Jays, Wrens, Warblers, etc. Includes Loggerhead Shrike & Florida Scrub Jay

Feather Anatomy

What is preening? Definition: Preening is the process by which birds groom and care for their feathers. When a bird is preening, she uses her beak to pick through her feathers -- removing any debris, arranging feathers that are out of place, and distributing a special oil that is secreted from a gland at the base of the tail. This oil helps a bird's feathers stay healthy and shiny.