ELECTROMAGNETICS AND APPLICATIONS Handouts: Info sheet (DRAFT), Syllabus (outline and schedule DRAFT) Lecture #1 slides (only this time) Luca Daniel

L1-2 Course Outline and Motivations Electromagnetics: –How to transport signals and power on “guided systems” Applications –digital electronics: e.g. analyze transients when you send a signal from the CPU chip to the GPU chip, or from your keyboard to your iPad CPU RAM GPU A/D D/A keyboard iPad

L1-3 Course Outline and Motivations Electromagnetics: –How to transport signals and power on “guided systems” Applications –digital electronics: e.g. analyze transients when you send a signal from the CPU chip to the GPU chip, or from your keyboard to your iPad –analog and biomedical electronics: e.g. match load of RF cables bringing signal from power amplifier to MRI coil antennas to avoid reflections CPU RAM GPU A/D D/A PA

L1-4 Course Outline and Motivations Electromagnetics: –How to transport signals and power on “guided systems” Applications –transport of light: e.g. fiber optics (around your globe and in your neighborhood cable company), –or on-chip silicon-photonics Fiber Communications Around the Globe Prof. Watts, MIT

L1-5 Course Outline and Motivations Electromagnetics: –How to transport signals and power on “guided systems” Applications –transport of electricity in power-lines –fluids in oil pipes, or blood in arteries and micro-fluidic channels Prof. Han, MIT

L1-6 Course Outline and Motivations Electromagnetics: –How to analyze, design and couple energy to/from resonators Applications –e.g. in cellphone receivers: electrical (LC) resonator filters –and MEMs resonators filters LNA ADC I Q LO Micron Technology, Inc

L1-7 Course Outline and Motivations Electromagnetics: –How to analyze, design and couple energy to/from resonators Applications –optical resonators (e.g. lasers) Prof. Ippen, MIT

L1-8 Course Outline and Motivations Electromagnetics: –How to analyze, design and couple energy to/from resonators Applications –acoustical resonators (e.g. musical instruments and vocal chords, and... your own shower “room”) d vocal chords

L1-9 Course Outline and Motivations Electromagnetics: –How to transport signals and power on “non-guided systems” Applications –wire antennas (e.g. inside your iPhone, or wireless router) –aperture antennas (e.g. satellite, radar, parabola TV)

L1-10 Course Outline and Motivations Electromagnetics: –How to transport signals and power on “non-guided systems” Applications –acoustical antennas (e.g. rock concert loudspeaker)

L3-11 Review of Fundamental Electromagnetic Laws Electromagnetic Waves in Media and Interfaces oWaves in homogeneous lossless and lossy media oPower flow and energy balance (Poynting Theorem) oWaves at interfaces Digital & Analog Communications oTEM transmission lines (Telegrapher eqn.) oTransients in digital communication wires oWaves in RF cables oTEM resonators Microwave Communications ometallic waveguides omicrowave cavity resonators Course Outline

L3-12 Optical Communications Wireless Communications oshort dipole radiation in near & far field oreceiving and transmitting antennas oarray of antennas owireless communication links oaperture antennas, and understand diffraction Acoustics Course Outline (continue…)

L1-13 Course Overview and Motivations Maxwell Equations (review from 8.02) –in integral form –in differential form –EM waves in homogenous lossless media –EM Wave Equation –Solution of the EM Wave equation  Uniform Plane Waves (UPW)  Complex Notation (phasors) –EM Waves in homogeneous lossy media Today’s Outline Next Time Today

L1-14 Faraday’s Law: Maxwell’s Equations (in integral form) Electric field[volts / meter] = [V / m] Electric displacement[amperes sec / m 2 ] = [A s / m 2 ]  Electric charge density[coulombs / m 3 ] = [C / m 3 ] Magnetic field[amperes / meter] = [A / m] Magnetic flux density[Tesla] = [T] = [Webers / m 2 ] = 10 4 [Gauss] Electric current density[amperes/m 2 ] = [A / m 2 ] Gauss’s Laws Ampere’s Law:

L1-15 If the material properties ε, μ and σ vary with: Field direction Field intensity Position Frequency Time the media is called: Anisotropic Non-linear Inhomogeneous Dispersive Non-Stationary Types of Media

L1-16 Maxwell’s Equations (in differential form) Stokes Theorem: Gauss Divergence Theorem:

L Second derivative in space  second derivative in time, therefore solution is any function with identical dependencies on space and time (up to a constant) Maxwell’s Equations (in homogeneous lossless media) 0 0 Faraday’s Law: Ampere’s Law: Gauss‘s Law  is homogeus [ ] Constitutive Relations