FRANK LABORTORY OF NEUTRON PHYSICS ION BEAM ANALYSIS 1. Diale Boitshoko Phenyo (UWC) 2. Sefage Amanda (UZ) 3. Nkosi Steven (CSIR) Republic of South Africa Supervisor: A.P. Kobzev (JINR, Dubna) JINR Summer Practice 2009

VAN DE GRAAFF ACCELERATOR EG-5 Main Characteristics Energy region 0.9-3.5 MeV Energy spread less than 500eV Beam intensity 10µA for He and 30µA for H. Types of ions used 4He+ and H+ JINR Summer Practice 2009

ACCELERATOR EG-5 JINR Summer Practice 2009

ANALYTICAL METHODS Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA) Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) JINR Summer Practice 2009

PRINCIPLE OF RBS KINEMATIC FACTOR Atomic mass of target. Z JINR Summer Practice 2009

SCATTERING CROSS SECTION Z1 - Atomic number of incident particle Z2 - atomic number of target M1 – Atomic mass of incident particle M2 – Atomic mass of target Ѳ - Scattering angle JINR Summer Practice 2009

PRINCIPLE OF RBS Ω + θ1 θ θ2 Stopping cross section x Detector E0, Z1, M1 + x N-Number of particles in the layer ΔX θ1 -Energy loss per unit length θ θ2 E1, Z2, M2 Ω Detector JINR Summer Practice 2009

RBS EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS Layer Element Conc. (at.%) 1 Niobium 100 2 Titanium 79 Oxygen 21 3 Silicon Intensity(arb.) A = σΩ .Q . Nt A – total number of detected particles Q – total no. of inc. Particles Nt – no. of target atoms per unit area Channel number JINR Summer Practice 2009

RBS EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS Layer Element Thickness (nm) 1 Titanium 418 2 Niobium 254 3 Silicon 2 mm Channel number JINR Summer Practice 2009

RBS EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS Layer Element Conc.at% Thickness (nm) 1 Titanium 80 Carbon 10 180 Oxygen 2 40 42.3 Silicon 50 3 100 2 mm JINR Summer Practice 2009

PRINCIPLE OF ELASTIC RECOIL DETECTION ANALYSIS JINR Summer Practice 2009

ERDA-RESULTS Counts Element Conc. (%) Thickness = 2600E+15 at./cm2 H ydrogen 35 C arbon Silicon 30 Thickness = 2600E+15 at./cm2 Counts JINR Summer Practice 2009

ERDA – RESULTS cont,d Thickness = 1570E+15 at./cm2 Channel number Element Conc. (%) H ydrogen 26 C arbon 60 O xygen 14 Thickness = 1570E+15 at./cm2 Channel number JINR Summer Practice 2009 Channel number

PRINCIPLE OF PIXE Characteristics X-rays JINR Summer Practice 2009

PRINCIPLE OF PIXE Characteristics X-rays JINR Summer Practice 2009

PRINCIPLE OF PIXE Moseley law Rc – Rydberg’s constant Z – atomic number Sn – screening constant n – main quantum number ν - frequency of X-ray quantum JINR Summer Practice 2009

CALIBRATION JINR Summer Practice 2009

AEROSOL ANALYSIS BY PIXE & RBS JINR Summer Practice 2009

AEROSOL ANALYSIS BY PIXE & RBS JINR Summer Practice 2009

AEROSOL ANALYSIS BY PIXE & RBS Element Concen. At. % Method C 41 RBS K 0.1 PIXE N 20.5 Ca 0.53 O 28 Mn 0.007 F 2.6 Fe 0.14 Na 2.5 Cu 0.002 Mg 1.3 Zn 0.01 Al As 0.001 Si 1.8 Sr 0.0006 S 0.2 Zr 0.005 Cl Ba JINR Summer Practice 2009

CONCLUSION Non-destructive methods ( Different fields i.e. Electronic devices , Multi layer-structures, geologist, archaelogist etc) Determine structure and composition of materials Elemental analysis Elemental concentration, depth profile in thin films ( < 1 at.%) JINR Summer Practice 2009

CONCLUSION cont.d Ti Nb 30 10 1800 1500 264 169,5 2x10xx16 1x10xx16 ELEMENT Ti Nb MINIMUM THICKNESS, nm 30 10 MAXIMUM THICKNESS, nm 1800 1500 REAL THICKNESS, nm 264 169,5 SENSITIVITY, at/cm2 2x10xx16 1x10xx16 JINR Summer Practice 2009

Siyabonga JINR Summer Practice 2009