IMPACT OF COMMUNITY BASED EDUCATION ON FGM IN A RURAL ETHIOPIANCOMMUNITY 131st Annual Meeting and Exposition of the American Public Health Association.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting. Indicators FGM/C prevalence among women Prevalence of extreme forms of FGM/C FGM/C prevalence among daughters.
Advertisements

Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys - MICS3 Analysis and Report Writing Workshop.
MICS4 Survey Design Workshop Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys Survey Design Workshop Questionnaire for Individual Women: Female Genital Cutting/Mutilation.
Female Genital Mutilation and Cutting: Telling a Story with Trends
Listening to you, working for you and HEALTH BME and HEALTH.
Female Genital Mutilation Summer is for Fun……. Not for Pain.
Female Circumcision and HIV Infection in Tanzania: for Better or for Worse? Rebecca Y. Stallings, 2 Statisticus Consultoris, USA and Emilian Karugendo,
Chapter 3: The Making of Males and Females in Contemporary Kisii Initiation as Rite of Passage Female Rites Male Rites Differences between male/female.
Victoria Zadoyan Lisa Pontious Beverly Wilson. “Female genital mutilation comprises all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external.
Sexual Anatomy FORMER 425 STUDENTS.
Early Marriage in Egypt: Field Research El Nadeem Center 18- June
Contraceptive behaviour among men in Nepal Govinda Prasad Dahal, Andrew Hinde and Monique Hennink Division of Social Statistics Prepared for the annual.
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health.
Intra-urban differentials in early marriage: Prevalence and consequences Zeinab Khadr Combating Early Marriage and Young People’s Reproductive Risks in.
HIV/AIDS Prevention Among Transport Workers: Lessons Learned from a Peer Education Program in Ethiopia Mengistu Asnake, MD, MPH and Metiku W/Giorgis, BSc,
Survey of married adolescent girls in rural Upper Egypt: A collaborative study with Assiut University Nahla Abdel-Tawab American University in Cairo/ Social.
Male Circumcision.
Ahoua Koné, JD, MPH Health Alliance International February 2011.
All procedures which involve the partial or total removal of the external genitalia or injury to the female genital organs whether for cultural or an.
SCALING UP MALE CIRCUMCISION PROGRAMMES IN THE EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA REGION TANZANIA 8 TH TO 10 TH JUNE 2010 Malawi Presentation.
Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: Telling a Story With Data and Trends.
Reducing FGM related incidence in Teesside. What is FGM ? Female genital mutilation (FGM) includes procedures that intentionally alter or injure female.
Changing Youth Attitudes Towards Female Genital Mutilation in Egypt Leah Freij, PhD Senior Technical Advisor The Centre for Development and Population.
Cathy Solter, SCM, MPH and Kathy Le, MPP PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL 131st Annual Meeting and Exposition of the American Public Health Association San Francisco,
FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION Alison Byrne 14 th June 2014 African Women’s Service Heart of England NHS Trust.
FGM and Young People Alexis Wright Devon and Cornwall Police.
Female Genital Mutilation DARF baseline study in Glasgow and Edinburgh on beliefs, views and experiences of female genital mutilation April 2010.
Female Genital Mutilation Julie Baumgart Molly Larsen Erin Morcomb.
Discrimination and Violence Against the Girl Child.
The Role of the Private for-Profit Sector in Reproductive Health in Ethiopia Mengistu Asnake, MD, MPH and Yilma Melkamu, MD, MPH 131st Annual Meeting and.
Tackling Female Genital Mutilation in Scotland: a Scottish model of intervention Key Findings Nina Murray Women’s Policy Development Officer | Scottish.
FGM Report Dr S K Sethi City LSCB -June 2015 Why us? Why now?
BSCA Female Genital Mutilation Nimo Gual & Ibrahim Ismail.
Female Genital Cutting
Female Genital Mutilation FGM. What is FGM ? Female Genital Cutting are all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia,
DEFINITION OF FGM Comprises all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs.
Female Genital Cutting Martin Donohoe. Female Genital Cutting 135 million women affected worldwide (2 million girls/year) 135 million women affected worldwide.
Conception, Child Birth, and Sexual Health  Goals  To better understand issues around C-sections  To explore debates on circumcision  To discuss benefits.
Female Genital Mutilation Prevalence Practice Consequences.
Female Circumcision Annabelle Park & Steven Noh. What is it anyways? Often called “female genital cutting” by Westerners In some cultures, only the girl’s.
Female genital mutilation
Preparing for Data Analysis and Interpreting Data CEI Implementing the Reproductive Health Assessment Toolkit for Conflict-Affected Women November.
FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION. What is FGM Comprises all procedures that involve partial or total removal of female external and/or injury to the female genital.
FGM "female genital mutilation“ 2005 report for UNICEF that the word "mutilation" differentiates the procedure from male circumcision and stresses its.
FGM- the new statutory reporting requirements
Expedite abandonment of FGM/C through diffusion of successful experience: The case of collective decision, but undisclosed to external communities of the.
Family Planning In Jordan
Maternal Mortality and FGM CGW4U. Stats One woman dies every two minutes from pregnancy-related causes 99% of all maternal deaths occur in the developing.
PASTORALIST GIRL CHILD EDUCATION By, LUCY MULENKEI, INDIGENOUS INFORMATION NETWORK WEBSITE:
INITIATIVE FOR INTEGRATED COMMUNITY WELFARE IN NIGERIA (IICWIN) FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION/CUTTING DR. EBUNLOMO WALKER.
Ahoua Koné, MPH, JD Attorney at Law Seattle Immigration & Family Law Group.
INITIATIVES OF HIGH LEVEL TASKFORCE FOR WOMEN, GIRLS, GENDER EQUALITY AND HIV FOR EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA TACAIDS.
Female Genital Mutilation- Circumcision Naima Scego.
FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION Amber Blumling BSN, RN, CEN PA ENA Horizon’s Conference 2016.
FGM IN NIGERIA The estimated prevalence of FGM among Nigerian women aged 15 to 49 is 24.8% 20 million women and girls in Nigeria have undergone FGM.
COUNTRY PROFILE UPDATE
UNIT SIX ADOLESCENT REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH (ARH):.
FGM & Specific Violence Against Young Women and Girls
FGM Report Dr S K Sethi City LSCB -June 2015
Female Genital Cutting
FGM IN NIGERIA The estimated prevalence of FGM among Nigerian women aged 15 to 49 is 24.8% 20 million women and girls in Nigeria have undergone FGM.
COUNTRY PROFILE UPDATE
Female Genital Anatomy and Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting
Female Genital Mutilation Cultural Support for FGM
The Medicalisation of FGM
Female Anatomy Female Genital Mutilation
Female Genital Cutting
Presentation transcript:

IMPACT OF COMMUNITY BASED EDUCATION ON FGM IN A RURAL ETHIOPIANCOMMUNITY 131st Annual Meeting and Exposition of the American Public Health Association San Francisco, CA November 17, 2003 Gabremaskal Habtemariam Ph.D. Senait Tibebu M.Sc. Yeshewamebrat Ejigsemahu M.Sc. PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL

131st APHA Annual Meeting and Exposition Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) DEFINITION: “All procedures involving partial or total removal of the female external genitalia or other injury to female genital organs whether for cultural or other non-therapeutic reasons.” - WHO TYPES: Type I: Excision or removal of the clitoral hood with or without excision of part or the entire clitoris. Type II: Excision or removal of the clitoris together with partial or total excision of the labia minora. Type III: Infibulation or removal of part or all of the external genitalia and stitching/narrowing of the vaginal opening, leaving a small hole for urine and menstrual flow.

131st APHA Annual Meeting and Exposition Historical Origin of FGM  It was recorded as early as the fifth century BC and practiced in Egypt for at least 2000 years.  Slave traders sold infibulated women for higher prices, as their services were not interrupted by child bearing.  In Ethiopia, female circumcision is believed to precede the introduction of Christianity in the 4 th century.  It is a cross-cultural and cross religious practice.  It is known by different names, including female circumcision, female genital cutting, and female genital mutilation.  In the Oromo Culture, where this assessment was undertaken, girls are circumcised just before marriage. Other ethnic groups in the area practice female child circumcision.

131st APHA Annual Meeting and Exposition

Relevance of FGM to Reproductive Health IMMEDIATE EFFECTS:  Pain, shock, bleeding, urine retention, infection, and injury to neighboring organs LONG TERM EFFECTS:  Labial fusion, scarring, keloid formation, cyst formation, PID, HIV/AIDS, Dysmenorrhea, and Dyspareunia OBSTETRIC:  Delayed labor and perenial laceration PSYCHOSOCIAL:  Decreased sexual enjoyment

131st APHA Annual Meeting and Exposition Interventions to Mitigate Female Circumcision  IEC by community-based RH agents (CBRHAs)  Education by women promoters  Support by local administration  Support by the “Geda” system  Support by Project Advisory Committee (PACs) “Geda” is a system of social regulation and culture among the Oromo ethnic group.

131st APHA Annual Meeting and Exposition A Survey was Undertaken to Determine the Effects of Community- Based Educational on FGM  The Survey Included: –Interview of parents whose daughters married in the past six years before the survey –Qualitative assessment with different groups including: Men’s group Women’s group Uncircumcised women’s group CBRHA’s group Project Advisory Committee Members Case studies

131st APHA Annual Meeting and Exposition Educational Activities Against FGM Undertaken in the Community Mothers (%) Fathers (%) Parents reporting that they had information on FGM Major Sources of Information on FGM?  CBRHAs  Health Workers  Media  Community Animators

131st APHA Annual Meeting and Exposition Other Reasons Mothers and Fathers Gave for Practicing FGM Mothers % Fathers % Respect for tradition Avoid shame and stigmatization Religious commitment Better hygiene Community pressure Suppress woman’s sexuality0.61.0

131st APHA Annual Meeting and Exposition % with Knowledge of Other Major Harmful Traditional Practices Discussed at the Community Level TOPICSMothersFathers Marriage by Abduction Early Marriage Uvulectomy Milk Teeth Extraction Applying Cow Dung on New Born Umbilical Cord

131st APHA Annual Meeting and Exposition Other Reasons Mothers and Fathers Gave for Not Practicing FGM Mothers % Fathers % Not required by tradition It is harmful Advised not to practice it Community pressure0.91.4

131st APHA Annual Meeting and Exposition Mothers and Fathers Attitudes Towards FGM Mothers (%) Fathers (%) Is FGM harmful? Yes No Do not know Should FGM be stopped? Yes No Do not know Undecided

131st APHA Annual Meeting and Exposition Mothers and Fathers Attitudes Towards FGM (continued) Mothers (%) Fathers (%) Will your unmarried daughter be circumcised? Yes No Do not know Undecided

131st APHA Annual Meeting and Exposition Harmful Effects of FGM Identified by Respondents Mothers (%) Fathers (%) Bleeding Difficulties During Delivery Pain Infection Decreased Sexual Satisfaction HIV/AIDS Transmission Marriage Problem Death

131st APHA Annual Meeting and Exposition Focus Group Findings  There was a case of one circumciser who had her first daughter circumcised, but decided not to have her second daughter after receiving education. She is now educating against the practice of FGM.  Some of the uncircumcised girls said that they would now refuse to let their parents have them circumcised.  Educating on the negative health impacts tends to work better than other approaches (including regulations)s  Young unmarried men have said that they would not want their wives to be circumcised.  The community has promised the “Geda” elders that they would stop FGC.

131st APHA Annual Meeting and Exposition Trends in Female Circumcision in Shashamene Area of Oromia Region, Ethiopia-2003

131st APHA Annual Meeting and Exposition Conclusion  The trend shows a decrease in the proportion of girls circumcised during the three years before the survey, which coincides with the starting of a community based reproductive health project in the area. WHAT CAUSED THE REDUCTION OF FGM?  Education by CBRHAs appears to have initiated other actions by the community.  Formal and informal support from community leaders.  Opposition by authoritative “Geda” leaders reinforced educational initiatives.  Winning over circumcisers. Some parents have refused to allow their daughters to be circumcised.

131st APHA Annual Meeting and Exposition Recommendations  Education on the effects of FGM and other harmful traditional practices requires an understanding of local customs and traditions.  Collaboration among all community level actors.  Using health risk approach to fight FGC.  Raising awareness and gaining the support of young male and female stakeholders.  Involving and winning over local circumcisers is an effective way.

For more information, please contact : Pathfinder International Headquarters Nine Galen Street, Suite 217 Watertown, MA USA Phone: (617) Fax: (617) Web: or Pathfinder/Ethiopia Bole Sub-City, Kebele 02 House No Phone: (2511) Fax: (2511)