October 21, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 6 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

October 21, 2015S. Mathews2 Most religious people pray for peace, but religious groups may not share the same vision of how peace will be achieved.

October 21, 2015S. Mathews3 Geographers  See that the process by which one religion diffuses across the landscape may conflict with the distribution of others.  Observe that religions are derived in part from elements of the physical environment, and that religions, in turn, modify the landscape.

October 21, 2015S. Mathews4 Appeal of Religion  Some have universal appeal.  Some have geographically limited appeal.  Often adopting a global religion means rejecting local traditions.

October 21, 2015S. Mathews5 Universalizing Religions Attempt to be global, to appeal to all people, wherever they may live in the world, not just to those of one culture or location.

October 21, 2015S. Mathews6 Universal Religions  Christianity  Islam  Buddhism - Divided into  Branches  Denominations  Sects

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October 21, 2015S. Mathews8 Branch A large and fundamental division within a religion.

October 21, 2015S. Mathews9 Denomination A division of a branch that unites a number of local congregations.

October 21, 2015S. Mathews10 Sect A relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination.

October 21, 2015S. Mathews11 Christianity With 2 billion adherents More than any other world religion With the most widespread distribution.

October 21, 2015S. Mathews12 Branches of Christianity  Roman Catholicism  Protestant  Eastern Orthodox.

October 21, 2015S. Mathews13 Eastern Orthodox  A collection of 14 self-governing churches in Eastern Europe and the Middle East.  40% are Russian Orthodox established in 16 th century  20% are Romanian Orthodox  3% are from Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem and trace their origins to the beginning of Christianity

October 21, 2015S. Mathews14 Christianity in the Western Hemisphere  90% are Christian  95% of Latin America are Roman Catholic  40% of North America are Protestant, most of which are - Baptist - Methodist - Pentecostal

October 21, 2015S. Mathews15 Christianity in the Western Hemisphere

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October 21, 2015S. Mathews17 Christianity in Europe  Roman Catholicism is the dominant Christian branch in the southwest and east.  Protestantism in the northwest  Eastern Orthodoxy in the east and southeast.  The regions of Roman Catholic and Protestant majorities frequently have sharp boundaries, even when they run through the middle of countries.

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October 21, 2015S. Mathews19 Smaller Branches of Christianity Developed independently of the three major branches - Egyptian Coptic Christians - Ethiopian Church - Armenian Church - Maronites in Lebanon

October 21, 2015S. Mathews20 Islam With 1.2 billion people. Predominant religion of the Middle East, Central Asia, and North Africa. ½ of the Muslim population live in Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and India.

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October 21, 2015S. Mathews22 Branches of Islam  Sunni - Arabic word for orthodox - 83% of all Muslims  Shiite – pronounced “Shia” - Arabic word for sectarian - 16% of all Muslims

October 21, 2015S. Mathews23 Islam in North America and Europe Increased rapidly in recent years through immigration. - France Muslims are a legacy to former colonies in North Africa - Initial U.S. presence is connected to the foundation of the Nation of Islam (Black Muslims) in 1930, renamed to the American Muslim Mission.

October 21, 2015S. Mathews24 Buddhism About 350 million in China and Southeast Asia. Three main branches. - Mahayana - Theravada - Tantrayana In China and Japan, Buddhism coexist with ethnic religions.

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October 21, 2015S. Mathews26 Other Universalizing Religions  Sikhism’s (C.E ) a blend between Hinduism and Islam.  Baha i was founded in Iran in 1844 by Siyyid ‘ Ali Muhammad, known as Bab (Persian for Gateway).

October 21, 2015S. Mathews27 Ethnic Religion Appeals to one group of people living in one place.

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October 21, 2015S. Mathews29 Hinduism About 900 million adherents. The world’s third largest religion. 97% of Hindus are concentrated in India. 2% of Hindus are in Nepal.

October 21, 2015S. Mathews30 Forms of Hinduism  Hinduism does not have a central authority or a single holy book.  70% worship Vishnu, a loving god incarnated as Krishna.  25% worship Siva, a protective and destructive god.  Shaktism is a worship dedicated to the female consorts of Vishnu and Siva.

October 21, 2015S. Mathews31 Confucianism Confucius ( B.C.E.) was a philosopher and teacher in the Chinese province of Lu. Confucianism prescribed a series of ethical principles for the orderly conduct of daily life in China.

October 21, 2015S. Mathews32 Daoism (Taoism) Lao-Zi ( ? B.C.E.) organized Daoism. Taoists seek Dao ( the way or path). Dao cannot be comprehended by reason and knowledge.

October 21, 2015S. Mathews33 Shintoism The distinctive ethnic religion of Japan. Forces of nature are divine. Deceased emperors and other ancestors became more important deities than natural features.

October 21, 2015S. Mathews34 Judaism 6 million Jews live in the United States. 4 million Jews live in Israel. 2 million Jews live in former Soviet Union republics. 2 million live elsewhere.

October 21, 2015S. Mathews35 Ethnic African Religions 10% of Africans follow animism. African animism is based on monotheistic concepts of a supreme being assisted by personifications of natural phenomena.