Jennifer Catto Supervisors: Len Shaffrey – NCAS Climate and Kevin Hodges - ESSC The Representation of Extratropical Cyclones in HiGEM.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
1 NCAS SMA presentation 14/15 September 2004 The August 2002 European floods: atmospheric teleconnections and mechanisms Mike Blackburn (1), Brian Hoskins.
Advertisements

The effect of doubled CO 2 and model basic state biases on the monsoon- ENSO system Andrew Turner, Pete Inness, Julia Slingo Walker Institute / NCAS-Climate.
The effect of doubled CO 2 and model basic state biases on the monsoon- ENSO system: the mean response and interannual variability Andrew Turner, Pete.
Moisture Transport in Baroclinic Waves Ian Boutle a, Stephen Belcher a, Bob Plant a Bob Beare b, Andy Brown c 24 April 2014.
Predictability Issues Associated with Explosive Cyclogenesis in the North-West Pacific Edmund K.M. Chang School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences Stony.
Future changes in extratropical storm tracks in the CMIP5 models from a cyclone perspective Robert Lee Supervisors: Kevin Hodges,
Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change Results from HiGEM Ray Bell Supervisors – Prof. Pier Luigi Vidale, Dr. Kevin Hodges and Dr. Jane Strachan Trop goup.
Simulation of the Global ENSO-Tropical Cyclone Teleconnection by a High-Resolution Coupled GCM Ray Bell, Kevin Hodges, Pier Luigi Vidale, Jane Strachan.
Downstream weather impacts associated with atmospheric blocking: Linkage between low-frequency variability and weather extremes Marco L. Carrera, R. W.
Analysis of Precipitation Distributions Associated with Two Cool-Season Cutoff Cyclones Melissa Payer, Lance F. Bosart, Daniel Keyser Department of Atmospheric.
Examination of the Dominant Spatial Patterns of the Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones from the 2004 Atlantic and Northwest Pacific Seasons.
A comparison of North Atlantic storms in HiGEM, HadGEM and ERA-40 Jennifer Catto – University of Reading Supervisors: Len Shaffrey Warwick Norton Acknowledgement:
Jennifer Catto Supervisors: Len Shaffrey – NCAS Climate and Kevin Hodges - ESSC The Representation of Extratropical Cyclones in HiGEM.
Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change – PhD Project Results from HiGEM High Resolution Climate Model Ray Bell Supervisors – Prof. Pier Luigi Vidale, Dr.
Why do we have storms in atmosphere?. Mid-atmosphere (500 hPa) DJF temperature map What are the features of the mean state on which storms grow?
Jennifer Catto Supervisors: Len Shaffrey and Kevin Hodges Extra-tropical cyclones in HiGEM.
22 April 2005 Oslo Met. Institutt Storm tracks and Climate change Lennart Bengtsson Changes in extra-tropical and tropical storms in the 21st century Professor.
LHS are the linear terms. First 2 terms on the RHS are nonlinear terms in the bias. The group THF are transient heat advection bias. Q^ is the bias in.
Genesis Potential Index and ENSO Suzana J. Camargo.
Cyclone composites in the real world and ACCESS Pallavi Govekar, Christian Jakob, Michael Reeder and Jennifer Catto.
The case of polar lows Hans von Storch 13 and Matthias Zahn 2 1. Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Germany. 2. Environmental.
Climate Forecasting Unit Second Ph’d training talk Prediction of climate extreme events at seasonal and decadal time scale Aida Pintó Biescas.
Climate Forecasting Unit Prediction of climate extreme events at seasonal and decadal time scale Aida Pintó Biescas.
High Resolution Climate Modelling in NERC (and the Met Office) Len Shaffrey, University of Reading Thanks to: Pier Luigi Vidale, Jane Strachan, Dave Stevens,
“Nature Run” Diagnostics Thomas Jung ECMWF. Another “Nature Run” A large set of seasonal T L 511L91 integrations has been carried out for many summers.
1 Introduction to Isentropic Coordinates: a new view of mean meridional & eddy circulations Cristiana Stan School and Conference on “the General Circulation.
Oscar Martínez-Alvarado 1 | Suzanne Gray 1 | Jennifer Catto 2 | Peter Clark 3 Department of Meteorology Introduction Sting jets.
The basic ingredients of the North Atlantic storm track David Brayshaw, Brian Hoskins and Mike Blackburn Brayshaw et al. (2008)
By: Michael Kevin Hernandez Key JTWC ET onset JTWC Post ET  Fig. 1: JTWC best track data on TC Sinlaku (2008). ECMWF analysis ET completion ECMWF analysis.
Benjamin A. Schenkel Lance F. Bosart, and Daniel Keyser University at Albany, State University of New York.
10-14 Aug 2009, ICTP, Trieste Workshop on "High-Resolution Climate Modeling" Lennart Bengtsson Tropical and extra-tropical cyclones in high resolution.
Predictability of explosive cyclogenesis over the northwestern Pacific region using ensemble reanalysis Akira Kuwano-Yoshida (Application Laboratory, JAMSTEC)
1 Climate Ensemble Simulations and Projections for Vietnam using PRECIS Model Presented by Hiep Van Nguyen Main contributors: Mai Van Khiem, Tran Thuc,
The Development of a Wave Packet Tracking Algorithm: Preliminary Climatological and Model Verification Results Matthew Souders, Brian Colle, Edmund Chang.
ENSO impact to atmospheric circulation system for summer Motoaki Takekawa Tokyo Climate Center, Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) 1.
UNESCO Extreme Meeting, Paris, G.C. Leckebusch Quantitative assessment of wind storms and extreme extra- tropical cyclones under climate.
“Effects of Pacific Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Anomalies on the Climate of Southern South Carolina and Northern Coastal Georgia ” Whitney Albright Joseph.
Benjamin A. Schenkel and Robert E. 4 th WCRP International Conference on Reanalyses Department of Earth, Ocean,
Decadal predictability and near-term climate change experiments with HiGEM Len Shaffrey, NCAS – Climate University of Reading Thanks to: Doug Smith, Rowan.
Page 1© Crown copyright 2006 Matt Huddleston With thanks to: Frederic Vitart (ECMWF), Ruth McDonald & Met Office Seasonal forecasting team 14 th March.
Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change in a High Resolution General Circulation Model, HiGEM Ray Bell Supervisors: Prof. Pier Luigi Vidale, Dr. Kevin Hodges.
C20C Workshop, ICTP Trieste 2004 The impact of stratospheric ozone depletion and CO 2 on tropical cyclone behaviour in the Australian region Syktus J.
The role of the eastern tropical Pacific on typhoon activity associated with different types of El Niño Ray Bell Supervisors: Prof. P.L. Vidale, Dr. Kevin.
Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change in a High Resolution General Circulation Model, HiGEM Ray Bell Supervisors: Prof. P.L. Vidale, Dr. Kevin Hodges and.
30 April 2008 MPI, Hamburg ETC in a warmer climate? Lennart Bengtsson Extra-tropical cyclones in a warmer climate. Will they be more intense? Professor.
© Crown copyright Met Office Examining changes in tropical cyclones over Vietnam using a five member RCM ensemble Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 8 th – 11 th.
How to make a (weather) “bomb” Tim Baker Thanks to: Doug Parker, Peter Knippertz, Alan Blyth.
Lennart Bengtsson ESSC, Uni. Reading THORPEX Conference December 2004 Predictability and predictive skill of weather systems and atmospheric flow patterns.
London 2 May 2008 Extreme (European) Windstorms and Expected Changes in a Warmer Climate Lennart Bengtsson Professor ESSC, University of Reading Max Planck.
Possible North Atlantic extratropical cyclone activity in a warmer climate Lanli Guo William Perrie Zhenxia Long Montreal 2012 Bedford Institute of Oceanography,
Tropical Cyclones in IFS and NICAM Julia V. Manganello Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies (Many thanks to Kevin Hodges!) Athena Workshop, 7-8 June.
PAPER REVIEW R Kirsten Feng. Impact of global warming on the East Asian winter monsoon revealed by nine coupled atmosphere-ocean GCMs Masatake.
Modes of variability and teleconnections: Part II Hai Lin Meteorological Research Division, Environment Canada Advanced School and Workshop on S2S ICTP,
Coupled and Uncoupled Model Simulation of the Global ENSO-TC Teleconnection Ray Bell With thanks to Kevin Hodges, Pier Luigi Vidale, Jane Strachan and.
Exploring Multi-Model Ensemble Performance in Extratropical Cyclones over Eastern North America and the Western Atlantic Ocean Nathan Korfe and Brian A.
Tropical cyclone activity in the Minerva T1279 seasonal forecasts. Preliminary analysis Julia Manganello 1, Kevin Hodges 2 1 COLA, USA 2 NERC Centre for.
Analysis of Typhoon Tropical Cyclogenesis in an Atmospheric General Circulation Model Suzana J. Camargo and Adam H. Sobel.
Description of the IRI Experimental Seasonal Typhoon Activity Forecasts Suzana J. Camargo, Anthony G. Barnston and Stephen E.Zebiak.
VOCALS-UK Len Shaffrey and Thomas Toniazzo Walker Institute, University of Reading John Constable ‘Cloud Study’ 1822.
Jennifer Catto Supervisors: Len Shaffrey and Kevin Hodges Extra-tropical cyclones and Storm Tracks.
Forecasting Oceanic Cyclones at the NOAA Ocean Prediction Center Joseph M. Sienkiewicz, D. Scott Prosise, and Anthony Crutch NOAA/NWS/NCEP/Ocean Prediction.
Boulder, June, 2006 Extremes in Ensemble Simulations of the Maunder Minimum: Midlatitude Cyclones, Precipitation, and Wind speed Christoph Raible (1) M.
The HiGEM Weather Paper Len Shaffrey NCAS-Climate, Department of Meterology, University of Reading.
LIMITLESS POTENTIAL | LIMITLESS OPPORTUNITIES | LIMITLESS IMPACT Copyright University of Reading The contribution of sting-jet windstorms to extreme wind.
Dynamics of the African Heat Low on climate scale R. Roehrig, F. Chauvin, J.-P. Lafore Météo-France, CNRM-GAME ENSEMBLES RT3 Working Meeting 10 February.
Revisiting the 26.5°C Sea Surface Temperature Threshold for Tropical Cyclone Development McTaggart-Cowan et al. (2015) Revisiting the 26.5°C Sea Surface.
Makoto INOUE and Masaaki TAKAHASHI (CCSR, Univ. of Tokyo)
McTaggart-Cowan et al. (2015)
A Comparison of Extratropical Cyclones in Recent Reanalyses
Extratropical stratoshere-troposphere exchange in a 20-km-mesh AGCM
Presentation transcript:

Jennifer Catto Supervisors: Len Shaffrey – NCAS Climate and Kevin Hodges - ESSC The Representation of Extratropical Cyclones in HiGEM

Motivation – Importance of Extratropical Cyclones Huge socioeconomic impacts Strong winds and heavy precipitation Important for large-scale flow in transporting heat and moisture, Want to be able to forecast how they will change in the future. 3 rd February 2009

Higher resolution atmosphere models should be able to represent structures of storms better – e.g. fronts, distribution of precipitation. For regional climate studies including hazards and impacts need higher resolution. Higher resolution ocean gives better representation of Gulf Stream and Kuroshio current – impacts on baroclinicity. Motivation – High Resolution Climate Modelling HiGEM HadGEM

Introduction to HiGEM HiGEM Based on HadGEM1 – the Met Office coupled climate model 1.25° lat x 0.83° lon in atmosphere (N144) 38 vertical levels in the atmosphere 1/3° x 1/3°in the ocean, 40 levels HadGEM 1.875° lat x 1.25° lon in atmosphere (N96) 38 vertical levels in atmosphere 1° x 1° in the ocean going to 1° x 1/3° at the equator ERA years of global gridded data Approximately 1.1° x 1.1° resolution (110km) ERA-Interim New reanalysis from ECMWF Approximately 80km resolution Uses 4DVAR

Outline Climatology Eulerian Statistics Objective Feature Tracking SST experiment Structure Compositing Future Climate Predictions Conclusions

Eulerian Statistics – 250hPa TEKE ERA-40HiGEM 2-6 day bandpass Transient Eddy Kinetic Energy (m 2 s -2 ) where and are the 2-6 day bandpass filtered winds.

Eulerian Statistics – 250hPa TEKE ERA-40HadGEM 2-6 day bandpass Transient Eddy Kinetic Energy (m 2 s -2 )

Eulerian Statistics – MSLP variance ERA-40HiGEM 2-6 day bandpass filtered standard deviation of MSLP (hPa)

Eulerian Statistics – MSLP Variance ERA-40HadGEM 2-6 day bandpass filtered standard deviation of MSLP (hPa)

Objective Feature Tracking Frequently used method to investigate extratropical cyclone activity Using Kevin Hodges Feature tracking method described in Hoskins and Hodges (2002) Fields filtered to T42 and background field - (wavenumber 5) removed Once tracks are found they are referenced back to full resolution for further analysis Vorticity preferred for tracking as it picks up more small scale features and is not an extrapolated field.

NH Tracking Statistics – Genesis Density ERA-40 HiGEM HiGEM captures main features of cyclogenesis over Gulf Stream and Kuroshio current although there is too much cyclogenesis over the Pacific. Genesis density – cyclones per month per 5° spherical cap.

NH Tracking Statistics – Genesis density ERA-40 HadGEM HadGEM also captures main features of cyclogenesis with roughly the right amount of cyclogenesis over the Kuroshio but slightly less than ERA- 40 in the mid-Pacific. Genesis density – cyclones per month per 5° spherical cap.

NH Tracking Statistics – Track Density ERA-40 HiGEM Track density – cyclones per month per 5° spherical cap.

NH Tracking Statistics – Track Density ERA-40 HadGEM Track density – cyclones per month per 5° spherical cap.

NH PDFs of cyclone strength - vorticity More extreme high vorticity events in HiGEM compared to ERA-40 and HadGEM. HadGEM compares very well with lower resolution reanalysis – ERA-40. HiGEM compares very well with higher resolution reanalysis – Interim.

NH PDFs of cyclone strength – 925hPa wind speeds Wind speed affected less by resolution than vorticity. Higher wind speeds seen in storms in HiGEM than in other datasets.

SST Experiment HiGEM HiGAM - HiGEM Comparing HiGEM and HiGAM (atmosphere only run using AMIP2 SSTs). HiGAM doesnt have big excess of cyclones in Pacific.

SST Experiment Cold bias in North Pacific leading to increased SST gradient in Kuroshio current.

SST experiment Constant mean DJF anomaly applied to AMIP2 SSTs. Ensemble of 20 winters (October to March) of atmosphere only model run.

HiGAM SST experiment - Results SST anom HiGAM Genesis region shifts further off coast of Japan when SST anomaly is included. Maximum genesis in this region has not changed.

HiGAM SST experiment - Results SST anomHiGEM Still large differences in genesis in this region. Need to consider advection of moisture, upper level seeding of cyclones.

Summary Transient eddy kinetic energy represented well by models. MSLP variance looks similar between datasets but does not show up Mediterranean storm track. Genesis density and track density well represented in HiGEM and HadGEM. The tighter SST gradient in the Kuroshio current impacts the position but not strength of the cyclogenesis. Large impact of resolution on the maximum vorticity and 925hPa wind speeds of the storms HiGEM very similar to ERA-Interim HadGEM very similar to ERA-40

Storm Structure Representing storm structures in climate models is very important for producing believable future predictions Do the storms represent the key features of extratropical cyclones? Structures important for regional climate impacts – strong winds and heavy precipitation have large socioeconomic impacts. Need a statistical way to compare the structure of storms from HiGEM and ERA-40

Previous composite studies Field & Wood 2007 Composite over all features at all times (for 400 features over 2 years). Doesnt distinguish between different times in lifecycle. Wang & Rogers 2001 Compositing explosive cyclones in different regions of the Atlantic. Composites taken at different times. Dont take into account direction of propagation of storms.

Composite Analysis - Methodology Step 1: Identify tracks using Kevins tracking program

Composite Analysis - Methodology Step 2: Choose at what stage in the lifecycle to composite the tracks e.g. Maximum tendency Maximum intensity Maximum precipitation Minimum pressure and identify where this occurs

Composite Analysis - Methodology Step 3: Extract the 20 o radius around this point and note the direction of propagation of the storms.

Composite Analysis - Methodology Step 4: Rotate these areas to the same direction of propagation and average them. + + =

Composite Analysis – Positions of tracks Position of 50 of the tracks used for the composites and the point at which the maximum intensity occurs.

Conceptual Models

Composite Analyses – Surface Features ERA-40 HiGEM Colours – 850hPa equivalent potential temperature (K) (anomaly from area average)

Composites Analysis – Surface Features ERA-40 Colours – 925hPa wind speed (ms -1 ) HiGEM

Results – 925hPa horizontal winds Colours – system relative wind speed (ms -1 ) ERA-40 B A

Results – 400hPa horizontal winds Colours – system relative wind speed (m/s) ERA-40 B A

Results – vertical slice along WCB WCB ERA-40 CCB A A B B

ERA-40 Results – vertical slice along WCB A A B B

Results – 925hPa horizontal winds Colours – system relative wind speed (ms -1 ) ERA-40 HiGEM B A B A

Results – 400hPa horizontal winds Colours – system relative wind speed (m/s) ERA-40 HiGEM B A B A

Results – vertical slice along WCB WCB CCB HiGEMERA-40 Isentropes slightly shallower in HiGEM CCB

Results – vertical slice along WCB HiGEM ERA-40 Very similar wind and temperature fields Differences in structure of RH Possibly more convection triggered along WCB in HiGEM than ERA-40

Results – 500 hPa vertical winds ERA-40 HiGEM Colours – vertical velocity (hPa/hour) B A B A

Results – 500hPa Relative Humidity ERA-40 HiGEM Relative Humidity at 500hPa (%)

Results – Vertical Slice along Dry Intrusion Slope of isentropes very similar between HiGEM and ERA-40. Weaker along isentropic wind speeds in HiGEM consistent with weaker descent behind the cyclone. ERA-40 HiGEM B B A A

Summary Compositing method capable of producing composite cyclones that show the key features of conceptual models – CCB, WCB, dry intrusion. These features compare well between HiGEM and ERA-40. There are some differences in the vertical structure of moisture indicating that diabatic processes are handled differently in HiGEM and ERA-40.

Future Predictions Bengtsson et al 2006 Northwards shift of storm track Increase of storms over UK A lot fewer tracks over Mediterranean Track density difference between and for A1B scenario – ECHAM5

Future Predictions 2 X CO 2 - Control 4 X CO 2 - Control Track density – cyclones per month per 5° spherical cap.

Future Predictions Distributions of wind speed for NH

Conclusions The storm tracks in HiGEM and HadGEM compare well with ERA- 40 although there are some differences that have yet to be understood. The storms in HiGEM and the Interim reanalysis have higher maxima in vorticity than HadGEM and ERA-40. The compositing methodology provides a novel way of looking statistically at the structure of cyclones. Using conceptual models to guide the analysis, HiGEM does a very good job of representing the structures of extratropical storms when compared to ERA-40. There are some differences in the vertical structure of moisture in the composites, indicating that diabatic processes are handled differently in HiGEM and ERA-40. Initial results from the 2X and 4X CO 2 experiments show some consistency with other studies. Large reductions in track density over Mediterranean, Northwards shift.

Further Questions SST Experiment What impact do the changed SSTs have on other aspects of the atmospheric flow? Compositing Will the results found here be robust over other climate models? Will the results be the same for HadGEM? Would an isentropic analysis yield the same results? Future Predictions How do the storm structures change in the 2x and 4x CO 2 experiments? Are there stronger winds in the most extreme storms?

Thanks!