The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment Focuses on the far-reaching changes in life in Western Europe brought about by the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment

 Watch the videos and fill in the blanks. All About the Enlightenment All About The Enlightenment Part 1 All About The Enlightenment Part 1 All About The Enlightenment Part 2 All About The Enlightenment Part 2

Scientists Challenged Old Assumptions Chapter 16.4 p. 386

Geocentric Theory Ptolemy (c )

Heliocentric Theory Galileo Galilei ( ) Johannes Kepler ( ) Nicolaus Copernicus ( )

Andreas Vesalius ( ) William Harvey ( )

 16.4 Section Review p  Define: all  Identify: e, f  Answer: 1, 3, 5 Section Review

European Thinkers Expressed New Ideas Chapter 20.1 p. 460

Isaac Newton ( ) Voltaire ( ) Philosophes Diderot’s Encyclopedia Voltaire was a philosopher who believed in individual freedoms – especially freedom of speech and of religion. He said “I may not agree with a word you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.” Best Idea Ever!

Scientific Discoveries

Baroque Period ( ) Classical Period ( )

 20.1 Section Review p  Define: a, b  Identify: a, b, e  Answer: 1, 3, 4, 5 Section Review

Writers Advocated Liberty and Reason Chapter 20.2 p. 466

Adam Smith ( ) People are selfish and will try to make money and live comfortably Self-Interest Makes for efficiently made, less expensive, and better quality products Competition Only enough producers exist to fulfill the demand Supply and Demand Adam Smith read Diderot’s encyclopedia and realized that many economic views held in the book were inaccurate. He came up with his own economic theories that are still considered today. He wrote about liberty applied to the economy and trade – thus “FREE TRADE”

Executive Legislative Judicial Balance of Power Baron de Montesquieu ( ) Montesquieu believed in political liberty – namely through “separation of powers” where different parts of government should have different powers to check or “balance” the power of other areas: 1.“Executive” – The King and his ministers to carry out the law. 2.“Legislative” – A parliament to hold power to make the law. 3.“Judicial” – Judges to interpret and apply the law.

Jean Jacques Rousseau ( ) John Locke ( ) John Locke was an English thinker who believed that all people were essentially good and possessed natural rights – like liberty, the right to property, and life. He spread the thought that a government should only be in power as long as the people are happy with their rule. Rousseau was a writer who believed in the “Social Contract” which would benefit all of society. He believed that liberty was every person’s natural right and that a legitimate government ruled with the consent of the people.

Thomas Hobbes ( ) Not everyone progressed in thinking about liberty and freedoms. After witnessing the horrors of civil war in England, Thomas Hobbes was convinced that all humans were naturally wicked and, left to themselves, would give free reign to their evil ways. He wrote that governments were there to protect people from their own evils, and that the best government was an “absolute monarch” with complete and total power.

 20.2 Section Review p  Define: a, b  Identify: a, b  Answer: 1a, 2, 3b, 4a, 5 Section Review