Incremental Pilots in OFDM Parichaya Shrivastava
What will we discuss? Brief overview of OFDM – Why use OFDM? – How does it work? Pilots – Why do we need them? Incremental Pilots -Concept -What am I trying to do?
Higher spectral efficiency Lower multi-path distortion Why use OFDM?
Higher spectral efficiency
Example of an OFDM modem
Multipath problem
A Multipath solution
The Multipath solution
Example of an OFDM modem
OFDM challanges Synchronization requirements are much more strict : – Requires more complex algorithms for time / frequency synch Peak-to-average power ratio – Large signal peaks require higher power amplifiers – Amplifier cost grows nonlinearly with required power
Pilot based OFDM system model
Main equation: Channel estimation equation
Frequency domain channel estimation
Pilot allocation 1
Pilot allocation 2
Why Incremental Pilots? Some channels (e.g. where there is more frequency selective fading), increased number of pilots will help. More pilots -Interpolation error small -> Better channel estimation -> Better BER
Channel encoder Data sub- carriers Pilot subcarrie rs IFFT CP S/ P 16- QA M Pilot PN Sequence BPSK P/ S DAC Transmitter with channel encoder
Incremental pilots trade-off Better CE Better BER Less redundancy: Worse BER Less redundancy: Worse BER Loss in redundancy acceptable
Loss in redundancy. Crude figure
Work to do See the performance under different channel conditions Different coding schemes (Convolutional, Turbo, LDPC) Complexity of implementing higher coding rates for different coding schemes
References: 1.Eric Phillip Lawrey, Adaptive Techniques for multiuser OFDM Phd Thesis. Online Marina Mondi, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing/Modulation : OFDM. Online. 3.Keithley Corporation, An Introduction to Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex Technology. Online df df 4.Muhammad Saad Akram, Pilot-based Channel Estimation in OFDM Systems. Online Sung-Yoon Jung and Sunghwan Kim, Channel Estimation and LDPC Code Puncturing Schemes Based on Incremental Pilots for OFDM. ETRI Journal, Volume 32, Number 4, August 2010
Thank you!