Ergo-Online Academy Copyright 2008 Ergo-Online, LLC 1 Anthropometrics.

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Presentation transcript:

Ergo-Online Academy Copyright 2008 Ergo-Online, LLC 1 Anthropometrics

Ergo-Online Academy Copyright 2008 Ergo-Online, LLC 2

Ergo-Online Academy Copyright 2008 Ergo-Online, LLC 3 Ergonomic Design Goals

Ergo-Online Academy Copyright 2008 Ergo-Online, LLC 4 Ergonomics The Science of Error Reduction When possible try to design out the chance of error.

Ergo-Online Academy Copyright 2008 Ergo-Online, LLC 5 Anthropometrics Human Measurements Heights, Reaches, Clearance Gender Strength Differences Postural Strength Differences

Ergo-Online Academy Copyright 2008 Ergo-Online, LLC 6 Design so the large can fit, the small can reach and the weak can lift, lower, push, pull & carry. Anthropometrics

Ergo-Online Academy Copyright 2008 Ergo-Online, LLC 7 Anthropometric Data & Statistics

Ergo-Online Academy Copyright 2008 Ergo-Online, LLC 8

Ergo-Online Academy Copyright 2008 Ergo-Online, LLC 9 Anthropometric Data Dimension5 th 50 th 95 th MaleFemaleMaleFemaleMaleFemale Standing Vertical Grip Reach Standing Forward Grip Reach Height Eye Height Shoulder Height Elbow Height Sitting Vertical Grip Reach Sitting Height Sitting Eye Height Sitting Elbow Height Adapted from: Pheasant, Stephen, (1996). “Bodyspace: Anthropometry, Ergonomics and the Design of Work”, Bristol, PA: Taylor & Francis.

Ergo-Online Academy Copyright 2008 Ergo-Online, LLC 10 Things To Consider Determine what body dimensions are relevant. Determine what population group is relevant. Use the anthropometric data as a guide and a place to start. It does not replace employee input. Just because something does not fall within anthropometric guidelines does not mean it is a significant ergonomic risk. When designing workstations or equipment, you will never be able to accommodate everyone. You try to accommodate as much of the population as you can, given the space and cost parameters you have to work within.

Ergo-Online Academy Copyright 2008 Ergo-Online, LLC 11 General Design Guidelines Standing Working Heights Sitting Working Heights Reaches Gender Strength Differences Postural Strength Differences

Ergo-Online Academy Copyright 2008 Ergo-Online, LLC 12 Standing Workstation Height

Ergo-Online Academy Copyright 2008 Ergo-Online, LLC 13 Seated Workstation Height

Ergo-Online Academy Copyright 2008 Ergo-Online, LLC 14 Horizontal Reach Envelopes

Ergo-Online Academy Copyright 2008 Ergo-Online, LLC 15 Secondary Reach Envelope

Ergo-Online Academy Copyright 2008 Ergo-Online, LLC 16 Sagittal Reach Envelopes Avoid reaching above shoulder or behind the body.

Ergo-Online Academy Copyright 2008 Ergo-Online, LLC 17 Strength Variability Between Males & Females Body PartPercent Arms60 % Trunk64% Legs72%

Ergo-Online Academy Copyright 2008 Ergo-Online, LLC 18 Male Grip Strength Male (lbs) Percentiles Mean Adapted from: Australian Fitness Norms, 1992, The Health Development Foundation, Adelaide, p.32.

Ergo-Online Academy Copyright 2008 Ergo-Online, LLC 19 Female Grip Strength Female (lbs) Percentiles Mean Adapted from: Australian Fitness Norms, 1992, The Health Development Foundation, Adelaide, p.32.

Ergo-Online Academy Copyright 2008 Ergo-Online, LLC 20 Anthropometrics and Tool Design Grip strength as a function of the handle span takes anthropometric data into consideration. The optimal separation is 45 to 55 mm.

Ergo-Online Academy Copyright 2008 Ergo-Online, LLC 21 Posture Dependent Strength Variability

Ergo-Online Academy Copyright 2008 Ergo-Online, LLC 22 Arm Cranking Strength and Postural Variability

Ergo-Online Academy Copyright 2008 Ergo-Online, LLC 23 Strength Effect of Elbow Position

Ergo-Online Academy Copyright 2008 Ergo-Online, LLC 24 Maximum Force Exerted In Seated Position at Various Elbow Angles Movement60 deg90 deg120 deg150 deg180 deg Pull Push Right Left Up Down

Ergo-Online Academy Copyright 2008 Ergo-Online, LLC 25 Ear-Eye-Line The EE line is determined by using the ear- hole and the junction of the eyelids. The EE line describes the posture of the head and serves as reference for the angle of the line of sight.

Ergo-Online Academy Copyright 2008 Ergo-Online, LLC 26 Line of Sight The line of sight connects the pupil with the visual target. Eye movement within about 15 degrees above and below the average line-of-sight angle is still comfortable.

Ergo-Online Academy Copyright 2008 Ergo-Online, LLC 27 Choosing Working Postures Sitting –For accurate control, fine manipulation. –For continuous light manipulation work. –For close visual work with prolonged attention. –For limited headroom, low work heights.

Ergo-Online Academy Copyright 2008 Ergo-Online, LLC 28 Standing – For heavy, bulky loads – When frequent movement is required –When there is no knee room under the equipment –Where there is limited front-rear space Choosing Working Postures

Ergo-Online Academy Copyright 2008 Ergo-Online, LLC 29 Designing Lifting Tasks Lifting zones are based upon anthropometric data

Ergo-Online Academy Copyright 2008 Ergo-Online, LLC 30 Cost-Benefit Function Anthropometric cost-benefit function showing the percentage of members of a target population accommodated by various ranges of seat height adjustment.

Ergo-Online Academy Copyright 2008 Ergo-Online, LLC 31 Design so the large can fit, the small can reach and the weak can lift, lower, push, pull & carry. Remember