Chapter 7 Cellular structure and Function Page 180

7.1 Cell Discovery Robert Hooke looked at bark to see cells! Claim to fame = “named the cell” after his room.

Anton van Leeuwenhoek Built on Hooke’s ideas and built a better microscope and saw many living things!

Cell Theory 1. All living things are made of 1+ cells. 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and organization of living things. 3. Cells come from other cells.

5 Introduction to Cells Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell Bacterial Cell

6 Number of Cells Organisms may be: Unicellular – composed of one cell Multicellular- composed of many cells

7 Basic Structure of a Cell

8  Cells May be Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic

9 Prokaryotes  include bacteria & have NO NUCLEUS or membrane-bound structures called organelles. They have DNA

10 Eukaryotic Cell Contain 3 basic cell structures: Nucleus Cell Membrane Cytoplasm with organelles Almost all cells are eukaryotic (plants, animals…)

11 Two Main Types of Eukaryotic Cells Plant Cell Animal Cell

12 Organelles Can only be observed under a microscope Have specific functions Found throughout cytoplasm

13 Golgi Bodies Stacks of flattened sacsStacks of flattened sacs Have a shipping side & a receiving sideHave a shipping side & a receiving side Receive & modify proteins made by ERReceive & modify proteins made by ER FED-EX of the cell!FED-EX of the cell! Transport vesicle

14 Lysosome Contain digestive enzymesContain digestive enzymes Break down food and worn out cell parts for cellsBreak down food and worn out cell parts for cells Cleans up the cell!Cleans up the cell! –Lysol!

15 Nucleolus Cell may have 1 to 3 nucleoli Cell may have 1 to 3 nucleoli Inside nucleusInside nucleus Makes ribosomesMakes ribosomes

Ribosomes Makes Proteins “ribs are protein” 16

17 Smooth & Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth ER lacks ribosomes & makes proteins USED In the cell Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface & makes proteins to EXPORT

Mitochondria Provides Energy for cells Powerhouse of the cell 18

19 Active cells like muscles have MORE mitochondria In Animal Cells: Mitochondria

20 Lies immediately against the cell wall in plant cells Made of protein and phospholipids Cell membrane Surrounding the Cell

21 Controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell= Selectively permeable Cell membrane Cell or Plasma Membrane

22 Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell membrane Chemical reactions can take place here Cytoplasm Cytoplasm of a Cell

23 Organelles are in the cytoplasm Cytoplasm More on Cytoplasm

24 The “BRAIN” that controls the cell Bounded by a nuclear membrane Contains chromosomes Control Organelle Nucleus

25 Contain the green pigment chlorophyll Traps sunlight to make to make sugars (food) Process called photosynthesis Plant Cell Organelles Chloroplast

26 Plant Cell Made of cellulose which forms very thin fibers Strong Found in plant cells Cell wall

27 Protect and support Give shape to the cell Cell wall Plant Cell

28 Storage of: Sugars, proteins, minerals, wastes, & water Vacuum! Plant Cell Organelles Central Vacuole

29 mitochondrion nucleus glycogen granule cell membrane cytoplasm Animal cell No cell wall or chloroplast vacuole

30 Animal Cell Organelles Near the nucleus Help cell divide

31 Different kinds of animal cells white blood cell red blood cell cheek cells sperm nerve cell muscle cell Amoeba Paramecium

32 Similarities between plant cells and animal cells Both have a cell membrane surrounding the cytoplasm Both have a nucleus Both contain mitochondria

33 Differences between plant cells and animal cells Animal cellsPlant cells Relatively smaller in size No cell wall Relatively larger in size Cell wall present

34 Animal cellsPlant cells Vacuole small or not there Glycogen as food storage Large central vacuole Starch as food storage Differences between Plant Cells and Animal Cells