Unit #3 Classification T axonomy

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Unit #3 Classification T axonomy Science dealing with the classification of organisms Biologists use classification to organize living things into groups so that the organisms are easier to study.

These beetles belong to a large insect collection in a natural history museum. They have been classified according to characteristics they share. Observing What characteristics may have been used to group these beetles?

Organisms Classified by: Structural Similarities Biochemical Similarities Cytological Similarities Embryological Similarities Behavioral Similarities Fossil Record

Basic Classification Groups Kingdom (most general) Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species (most specific) Species Organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring

LINNAEAN CLASSIFICATION OF HUMANS Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata (animals with back bones) Class: Mammalia (with hair, females produce milk) Order: Primates (apes, monkeys) Family: Hominidae (with extinct neanderthal) Genus: Homo (Same) Species: sapiens (Man) You see, at every step down the classification ladder, the thing that we are is narrowed down. At first we're just animals. Then the phylum grouping separates us from all animals without backbones, such as sponges, insects, and worms. On down the ladder we go until we land at the species, and at that point we know that we're just talking about one kind of animal, and that animal is us.

Five Kingdom System Animal Plant Protista Monera Fungi

Animal Kingdom Multicellular Heterotrophic Eukaryotes

Plant Kingdom Multicellular Photosynthetic Autotrophic

Protista Unicellular Eukaryotic Cells (have membrane bound organelles) Examples: paramecium, amoeba, euglena

Monera Unicellular Prokaryotic Cells (no membrane bound organelles) Examples: bacteria, blue green algae

Fungi Most multicellular (except yeast) Have cell walls, but not chloroplasts Absorbs nutrients from environment (heterotrophic) Examples: yeast, bread mold, mushrooms

Nomenclature Examples: Felis domesticus Method of naming an organism Felis leo Binomial System Felis tigeris Canis lupis Developed by Carl Linnaeus Canis familiaris Rules Homo erectus Genus and species name make up scientific name Homo sapien Names usually in latin Genus is capitalized, species lower case Name is either italicized or underlined separately

Dichotomous/Taxonomic Key Tool used to classify an organism using 2 traits

Create a dichotomous key for these creatures with your 4 o’clock buddy 1 3 2 5 7 6 8 Project: dicotomous poster for 5 kingdomes 9 10 Create a dichotomous key for these creatures with your 4 o’clock buddy