Matter

IQ2/10/14 In the kitchen, you will find 3 different forms of water. What are these 3 forms, and where exactly would you find them?

What is matter? Matter is defined as anything with mass that takes up space. This space is known as volume Matter is made of atoms

Organization of Matter These atoms can be arranged in 4 phases Solid Liquid Gas Plasma

Solid Atoms are arranged in a highly structured manner. The particles in a solid: Have a definite shape Have a definite volume. Has the lowest kinetic (moving) energy-move slowly An ice cube is a solid

Solid In a solid, the atoms are tightly packed. They are also arranged in a specific pattern.

Liquid Atoms are more free to move than solids,and therefore, have no definite shape. Liquids take the shape of their containers. The particles in a liquid: Have no definite shape Have a definite volume. Water is a liquid!!!

Gas Atoms are very spread out. A gas will fill the container it is in. The particles in a gas: Has no definite volume Have no definite shape. Move by diffusion (spreading out) Have the highest kinetic energy-move quickly Steam is a gas!

Plasma Plasma is a gas in which there are positively and negatively charged particles. Plasma only really exists in places with extremely high temperatures. Most matter in the universe is found as plasma!!!

IQ2/11/14 pg 12 How do substances go from phase to phase? From a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas?

By adding energy (heat) to particles, the particles get excited and start to move. If you remove energy (heat), the particles slow down

Cornstarch Lab 1 ) Lay paper towels down on table top. 2) Mix your mixture using your popsicle stick. 3. When mixture is just right, it won't splash--it will feel solid. If it is too powdery, add a little more water. If it's too wet, add more cornstarch. ASK THE TEACHER FOR WHAT YOU NEED! 4. Play around with your mixture. Pick up a handful and squeeze it. Rest your fingers on the surface of the mixture. Let them sink down to the bottom of the bowl. Then try to pull them out fast. What happens? Take a blob and roll it between your hands to make a ball. Then stop rolling.

Page 13 1) What happens when you squeeze the mixture? 2) Describe the difference between squeezing the mixture and hitting the mixture. 3) Describe your experience with cornstarch and water in terms of states of matter. 4) What makes the cornstarch change from one state to another? Explain.

WHAT HAPPENED When you squeeze a Cornstarch mixture, it feels like a solid because its molecules line up. But it looks like a liquid and acts like a liquid when no one is pressing on it because the molecules relax.

When you finish, work on guided reading from yesterday. Start on homework when done with all tasks.

IQ2/12/14 pg 14 Name the phase changes that water must go through to go from ice cube, to liquid, to gas. What must occur for this to happen?

Let’s think about a solid. Are those particles moving? Yes!!! They are just vibrating back and forth. However, they are very confined. Let’s think about the liquid. Those particles are moving too but they have more room to do so. And the gas. They are free to move wherever they want!

PHASE CHANGES Melting To go from a solid to a liquid, we add energy (heat) When the energy is added, the solid heats up until it hits the melting point. Ex. Ice cream left outside Butter in the microwave

Vaporization To go from a liquid to a gas, we have to add energy. When the heat is added, the liquid heats up until it hits the boiling point. Ex. Heating water in tea kettle Steam in the shower

Condensation To go from a gas to liquid, we have to remove energy. Gas particles slow down, turning back to liquid Ex. Morning dew Clouds Water on mirror after shower

A Liquid to a Solid (Freezing) To go from a liquid to a solid, we remove energy (taking away heat) When the energy is removed, the particles slow down until they hit the freezing point. Ex. Putting water or veggies in the freezer.

Freezing point of water: 32 F or 0 C Boiling point of water: 212 F or 100 C

IQ2/13/14 What do you know about dry ice? Explain what state of matter it is.

Sublimation When a solid skips the liquid state and turns directly into gaseous state. Energy (heat) is added to the substance ex,. Dry ice

Deposition Opposite of sublimation. Gas changes directly into a solid; energy(heat) is removed Dry ice is solid, frozen carbon dioxide, which sublimates, or turn to gas, at °C or °F.

Evaporation (liquid to gas) Vaporization that occurs at a liquid’s surface, at a temperature below its boiling point

RAFT activity on phase changes ROLEAUDIENCEFORMATTOPIC StudentgrassFriendly letterCondensation ScientistA windowSet of directionsSublimation An ice truck operator firePosterVaporization An ice cubecloudYour choice (get approval) Freezing/Melting waterYour choice (get approval) Children’s bookExo/endothermic

IQ 2/18/14 Give 2 examples of materials that give off heat. Give 2 examples of materials that take in heat. Be ready to share

Endothermic Endo: “inside or within” Therm: “heat” Materials that absorb heat during a reaction Take in more energy than they give off, which leaves the surroundings cooler than the starting point. Ex. melting ice cubes, conversion of frost to water vapor, photosynthesis

Exothermic Exo: “outside or external” Materials that give off heat during a reaction Gives off more energy than they take in, leaving the surroundings warmer than the starting point. Ex. fire, making ice cubes, rusting iron, driving a car

2 minutes with a partner, discuss 3 examples of both exothermic and endothermic examples in daily life Think: house, kitchen, cooking, outside, environment,

Ticket out the door Describe whether a baking cake is endothermic or exothermic and explain why.