The New Republic Begins

A. Terms A document that sets out the laws and principles of a government A document that sets out the laws and principles of a government Constitution: Constitution: Confederation: Confederation: An alliance of independent states An alliance of independent states

Terms Republic: Republic: Federalism: Federalism: A government where citizens rule themselves through elected representatives Federal Gov State Gov. A system with a strong federal (national) government and weaker state governments

1777 Articles of Confederation  Created by the Second Continental Congress 1.One Delegate from each State 2.States had the most power

Federal Government Powers Declare War Appoint Military Leaders Make Money Foreign Affairs Pass Laws (Only with 9 of 13 States approval)

Weaknesses Weaknesses No President to carry out laws Had to ask States for money Couldn’t regulate trade No tax laws “PLEASE”

Outside Nations Outside Nations Britain: Refused to remove troops from Ohio River Valley Spain: Closed New Orleans and access to the Gulf of Mexico

Northwest Territory Organized into Townships and Sections Northwest Ordnance  Same rights as an organized State  No Slavery  Become as a State when population reached 60,000 Free residents  Equal to existing States

Shay’s Rebellion  2,000 MA farmers rebelled against taxes 1.Causes Economic problems Economic problems MA raised land taxes MA raised land taxes 2.Results Farmers went bankrupt Farmers went bankrupt Courts took farms Courts took farms Farmers rebelled Farmers rebelled

The Constitutional Convention  May 1787 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1.55 Delegates from 12 States Rhode Island was not there Rhode Island was not there 2.Meeting to revise the Articles of Confederation G. Washington President G. Washington President 3.James Madison’s intent Create a new form of Government Create a new form of Government

Competing Plans 3 Branches 1.Legislative 2.Executive 3.Judicial Virginia (Big State) Plan 2 house legislature Population based New Jersey (Small State) Plan 1 house legislature 1 vote per state

The Great Compromise 1.Proposed by Robert Sherman of CT 2.Two House Legislature 3.Senate 2 Rep. per state 2 Rep. per state 4.House of Representatives Rep. based on population Rep. based on population

North v. South on Slavery 1.Do Slaves get counted? 2.3/5ths Compromise 3 of every slave is counted 3 of every slave is counted 3.Slave Trade 1787 – No slavery in the North 1787 – No slavery in the North Compromise – Congress couldn’t discuss banning slavery for 20 years Compromise – Congress couldn’t discuss banning slavery for 20 years

Ending the Convention 1.September Delegates voted Yea 39 Delegates voted Yea 3 voted Nay, Gov. was too big 3 voted Nay, Gov. was too big 2.Sent to States to discuss 9 of 13 must ratify to pass 9 of 13 must ratify to pass

A Federal System 1.Central Government Raise a Military Coin Money Regulate interstate and foreign trade 2.State Powers Reg. intrastate trade Est. local government, schools Powers not given to the Cent. Gov.

A Federal System 1.Central Government 2.State Powers 3.Shared Powers Build Roads Build Roads Raise Taxes Raise Taxes

The Legislative Branch Article 1 Make Laws Make Laws Senate Senate Elected by State Legislatures every 6 years Elected by State Legislatures every 6 years 1912, 17 th Amendment changed to popular vote 1912, 17 th Amendment changed to popular vote 2 per state 2 per state House of Representatives House of Representatives Elected by popular vote every 2 years Elected by popular vote every 2 years Based on Population Based on Population

The Executive Branch Article 2  Responsibilities and Powers have grown Carry out laws passed by Congress Carry out laws passed by Congress Commander and Chief of Armed Forces Commander and Chief of Armed Forces Responsible for Foreign Relations Responsible for Foreign Relations

The Judicial Branch Article 3  Highest Court in the Country 3.Hears Cases: Laws passed by Congress Laws passed by Congress Interpretation of the Constitution Interpretation of the Constitution Disputes involving Gov. Disputes involving Gov.  States and States  States and Individuals  States and the Federal Government

Electoral College 1.Concerns Popular President may be Popular President may be TOO popular Voters would not know Voters would not know candidate outside their area 2.Electors Representatives from each State Representatives from each State Based on no. of Representatives in Congress Based on no. of Representatives in Congress Educated, well informed Educated, well informed

1. Checks and Balances - Congress President President Signs, approves of laws passed Signs, approves of laws passed Vetoes, disapproves, of laws passed Vetoes, disapproves, of laws passed The Supreme Court The Supreme Court Declare a law Unconstitutional Declare a law Unconstitutional

2. Checks and Balances - President Congress Congress Override a Veto by a two thirds vote Override a Veto by a two thirds vote Senate Approves Presidential Appointments Senate Approves Presidential Appointments Impeach for serious crimes or misbehavior Impeach for serious crimes or misbehavior House brings charges House brings charges Senate tries the President Senate tries the President 2/3 rd vote required to Impeach 2/3 rd vote required to Impeach

3. Checks and Balances - Courts President President Appoints new Judges Appoints new Judges Congress Congress Remove for misbehavior Remove for misbehavior Establishes No. of Judges Establishes No. of Judges Propose changes to the Constitution Propose changes to the Constitution

Ratification - Federalists 1.Articles were too weak 1.Need a strong Central Gov.

Ratification - Anti-Federalists 1.Central Gov. too strong 2.States too weak 3.President had too much power 4.Need a Bill of Rights Protection of Individual Freedoms Protection of Individual Freedoms

Ratification States Ratified States Ratified 1787 Delaware # Delaware # New Hampshire # New Hampshire #9 Election of 1789 Election of 1789 George Washington President George Washington President John Adams Vice President John Adams Vice President

Amendment Process  27 Amendments in 200 years 1.Propose an Amendment By 2/3rds of the Congress By 2/3rds of the Congress Or by 2/3rds of the States Or by 2/3rds of the States 2.Ratification Approved, by 3/4ths of the States Approved, by 3/4ths of the States

Bill of Rights 1.Freedom of: Religion Religion Speech Speech Press Press Assembly Assembly Petition Petition

Bill of Rights 1.Freedom of: 2.Right to Bear Arms 3.Lodging and Troops in Private Homes 4.Search and Seizure 5.Rights of the Accused

Bill of Rights 6.Right to Speedy Trial by Jury 7.Jury Trial in Civil Cases 8.Bail and Punishment 9.Powers reserved to the People 10.Powers reserved to the States