Chem.412 – PChem I - Outline Introduction/Basics Review Computer Applications States of Matter First Law of TDMolecular Energies Equilibrium & Spontaneity.

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Presentation transcript:

Chem.412 – PChem I - Outline Introduction/Basics Review Computer Applications States of Matter First Law of TDMolecular Energies Equilibrium & Spontaneity Quantum Chemistry Entropy – 2 nd /3 rd Laws Equations of State Grade Distrn

Introduction: Review of Basics Four Major Principles Mathematical Basics Units Significant Figures. Problem Solving Common Terminology Factor Labels

Major Principles of Physical Chemistry Thermodynamics Kinetics Quantum Mechanics Statistical Mechanics

Basic SI Units

Seven Basic SI Units

Units – Examples I

Units – Examples II

ExponentialPrefixSymbol exaE petaP teraT 10 9 gigaG 10 6 megaM 10 3 kilok 10 2 hectoh 10 1 dekada decid centic millim micro  nanon picop femtof attoa

Prefix/Units – Examples

Scientific Notation & Identities ± integer± real

Scientific Notation & Identities: Examples

Rules of Significant Figures Counting zeros Rounding Product/Quotient can have no more sig. Figs. Than numbers with the least sig. Figs. Sum/Difference can have no more decimals than numbers with least decimals. Keep at least one extra digit for intermediate calculations Exact Numbers

Rules of Significant Figures: Examples

Mathcad Answers

Dimensional Analysis Method of calculation utilizing a knowledge of units Conversion factors => simple ratios relating two units Desired unit = given unit  (conversion factor) Dimensional Analysis

Examples

Density Example The sun is estimated to have a mass of 2x10 36 kg. Assuming it to be a sphere of average radius 6.96x10 5 km, calculate the average density of the sun in units of g cm -3. Mathcad Soln Mathcad w Instructions

Stoichiometry Example Determine the number of hydrogen atoms present in 2.56 kg of water.

Atmosphere Pressure and the Barometer Pressure Standard atmospheric pressure = 760 mm of Hg 1 atm = 760 mmHg = 760 torr = kPa. Graph Demo

F12

Common Terminology System: Part of universe being studied, set apart by definite boundaries. Surroundings: Medium outside System. Isolated System: No energy or matter transferred between System and Surr. Closed System: Energy transfer between Sys. and Surr. Open System: Energy and Matter transfers between Sys. And Surr. Properties: Quantitative measures of physical quantities ( i.e. pressure and temperature ) Graphical TechniquesGraph Demo

Graphical TechniquesGraph Demo

Introduction: Review of Basics Four Major Principles Mathematical Basics Units Significant Figures. Problem Solving Common Terminology Factor Labels Graphical Techniques Graph Demo