Achieving accessibility in tertiary education websites: The case study of the ASEAN University Network (AUN) Rattanavalee Maisak DIVISION OF INFORMATION SYSTEM FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION RAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY PHRA NAKHON

1. INTRODUCTION The UNCRPD applies human rights specifically to protect the rights and promotes equality of persons with disabilities. About 16% of the total population of the Asia-Pacific region live with some form of disability. The Asia-Pacific region was recorded the lowest levels of signature and ratification of UNCRPD. ASEAN member states are automatically to respect UNCRPD This study will examine the level of accessibility of university websites regarding the ASEAN University Network (AUN).

2. LITERATURE REVIEW The ASEAN University Network (AUN) Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) Website evaluation methods POUR principles 12 Guidelines 38 Success Criteria (A,AA, AAA) WCAG 2.0

3. RESEARCH DESIGN 90 representative webpages from the 30 AUN members An automated tool and expert manual testing WCAG 2.0 guidelines (level A and AA) WCAG-EM 1.0 Selected 3 pages : homepage, the international page the facility page

(N=90) Total of errors found AverageSD.Min.Max. Tested Pages Number of errors found on the universities’ webpages 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Scan results of compliance with WCAG 2.0 levels A and AA A : One or more groups will find it impossible to access information. AA : One or more groups will find it difficult to access information.

Breakdown of violations within Level A Criterion Non-text Content alt= “Thai language”

Breakdown of critical failures Criterion Pause, Stop, Hide People who has trouble reading stationary text quickly People who has trouble tracking moving objects People with attention deficit disorders

Breakdown of POUR principles Information and user interface components must be presentable to users in ways they can perceive. This means that users must be able to perceive the information being presented. (it can't be invisible to all of their senses) Perceivable principle

Total violations across tested pages University Pages

5. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION Accessible the AUN websites Training Enforcement Policies Raising Awareness The lack of knowledge and awareness about web accessibility and related fields Training and education The enforcement of policies and providing action plans Web Accessibility Assistive Technology The special needs of people with disabilities The fundamentals of HTML5 & CSS3 The governments of the member countries of ASEAN The AUN Staffs ASEAN4ALL.org Accessibility policies Action Plans

Thanks for listening! Let’s go make university websites for everyone.