Definition Causes Examples Diagnosis

What is Cancer?  It is a disease characterized by out – of-control cell growth.  Product of cells that has undergo an abnormal cell cycle.  Damaged cells that divide uncontrollably and thereby produces TUMORS

What are Tumors? Lip Carcinoma – Lip Tumors that causes Cancer

What are Tumors? Tumor in the oral (mouth) cavity of an 87 year old woman who smoked 1 pack a day when she was younger.

What are Tumors? Tumor or the Cheek Skin. A benign (non cancerous) tumor of a sweat gland.

Tumors are:  Clumps of cells that resulted from abnormal uncontrollable growth.  Can be benign (non cancerous), pre – malignat, or malignant whereas cancer cells are malignant (has the ability to spread, invade and destroy tissues).

What causes cancer?  Environmental – The environment where you are in.  Genetic – Passing of a mutated gene from one generation to another.

Environmental Causes of Cancer  Skin Cancer – exposure to the Ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun. Occurrence of moles that changes its place every month.

Environmental Causes of Cancer  Skin Cancer Development of lumps (tumors) in the mole area over time.

Environmental Causes of Cancer  Tobacco Exposure – smoking and/or second hand smoking exposure.

Environmental Causes of Cancer  Tobacco Exposure Normal Lung A Lung with Emphysema (lead to Lung Cancer)

Environmental Causes of Cancer  Pollution Exposure – Mercury Poisoning

Environmental Causes of Cancer  Pollution Exposure – Mercury Poisoning Mercury Exposure in a gold mining in Minamata, Japan. Hundreds of people died from exposure to Mercury when they drink, bathe and wash their clothes & food in the contaminated water.

Environmental Causes of Cancer  Pollution Exposure – Lead Poisoning Normal Brain CellsBrain Poisoned with Lead

Environmental Causes of Cancer  Pollution Exposure – Lead Poisoning could be due to: 1. Inhaling vehicular smoke that uses Leaded gas. 2. Exposure to lead paints (banned in 1978) 3. Metal processing (usually people who work in these areas has the highest risk) 4. Toys/Jewelries that have lead content. 5. Drinking water contaminated with Lead. 6. Eating food in cans soldered with Lead. 7. Cosmetics

Environmental Causes of Cancer  Alcohol Consumption Resulted from Cirrhosis where the liver starts to deteriorate (die) because of injury that could have resulted from scarring by constant exposure to alcohol and other form of chemicals.

Environmental Causes of Cancer  Alcohol Consumption

Genetic Causes of Cancer  Breast Cancer  Ovarian Cancer  Prostrate Cancer  Colorectal Cancer

Genetic Causes of Cancer Development of warts and puss from a serious case of breast cancer.

Genetic Causes of Cancer Mammogram image of a breast lump (left) and a normal breast (right).  Breast Cancer

Genetic Causes of Cancer  Ovarian Cancer Development of Cancer Cells in the Ovary.

Genetic Causes of Cancer  Prostrate Cancer Cancer Cells eating and destroying prostrate cells – 10,000 x magnification.

Genetic Causes of Cancer  Prostrate Cancer

Genetic Causes of Cancer  Colorectal Cancer Benign tumors in the large intestines and rectum area.

Treatments for Cancer  Chemotherapy  Radiation Therapy  Surgery  Stem Cell Transplantation (Blood Cancer, et. al)  Biotherapy  Bone Marrow Transplantation

Guide Questions:  What is cancer?  What is the difference between a cancer and a tumor?  What is a tumor?  What are the 2 main causes of cancer?  Give 3 examples of treatments for cancer.  What is the best way to prevent the following classification of cancer: Skin Cancer & Lung Cancer