Engine Conversion from Combustion to Compressed Air

 Ordinary gasoline combustion engine converted to run on compressed air  Drivable, proof-of-concept car ◦ 5-10 minutes ◦ mph  Three groups: engine modification, vehicle integration, testing and theory

 Four stroke engine vs. two stroke engine  Golf cart, go-kart, building a chassis, mini Baja

Chose to modify the timing by CNC machining cam lobes. Norfolk Machine Shop

1. Remove Timing Case – 5 bolts 2. Place camshaft – line up timing mark 3. Remove old gasket material, and place new gasket 4. Re-attach Timing Case 5. Check all plugs are sealed 6. Add oil 7. Attach intake manifold Engine Assembly

 Engine running backwards  Intake valve being blown open  Low airflow

 Intake Adapter  Tanks  Ball valve (Throttle)  5/16” Line  Original design too restrictive  Met basic flow requirements after post-install modifications

 Relatively Light Weight  Available Locally (Low Lead Time)  Price  High Pressure  Common Regulator  Easy Filling  Low Price For Used

 Available at ODU motorsports lab.  Consulted with Dr. Ash about use.  Crank shaft was too large so adapter was machined to allow for use with Baja engine.

 Dyno run #1  0.1 horsepower at 600 rpm  Dyno run #2  0.2 horsepower at 950 rpm

Internal Combustion [1]Hybrid [1]Electric [2]Pressurized Air Engine Efficiency,% Motor Efficiency, % 7978 Battery & Battery Charger Efficiency, % 81 Total Efficiency, % Heat Rate, Btu/kWhEfficiency, % Coal Petroleum Natural Gas Nuclear [1] N. D. a. J. Deutch, "Hybrid Cars Now, Fuel Cell Cars Later," Science Magazine, vol. 305, pp , August 13, [2] U. S. D. o. Energy. (2013, April 22). Electric Vehicles (EVs). Available: [3] U. S. E. I. Administration. (April 21). Table 8.1. Average Operating Heat Rate for Selected Energy Sources. Available:

Larger air capacity and flow rate Better valve and camshaft design Use a more efficient engine type Lighter chassis

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