  He served as mayor in Atlanta from  Ordered for all the “White Only” and “Black Only” signs to be taken in City Hall  Ended Jim Crowe practices by sitting with a black attorney at the City Hall cafeteria. Ivan Allen Jr.

 Ivan Allen, Jr.

  It began with an $800 grant from the Southern Christian Leadership Conference  Began from student meetings and grew into a large organization with many supporters  Sit-ins —protest method—people enter a public building and refuse to leave until they are served or their demands are met SNCC (Student Non-Violent Coordination Committee)

  Leader —John Lewis  Major contribution — organized voter registration drives all over the South, especially in Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi. SNCC

  Gov. Ernest Vandiver Jr.—had to decide between closing all public schools or to follow a federal order and desegregate them.  Gov. Vandiver chose John Sibley to head a commission to gather state residents’ opinions and thoughts on desegregation and report back to him. Sibley Commission

  By a 3-to-2 margin, Georgians said they would rather close schools than integrate them  Commission recommended allowing local school systems decide  Many communities opened private schools in response Sibley Commission

SIBLEYS BOARD OF TRUSTEES GENERAL ASSEMBLY AT SCHOOLS FOR SIBLEY SIBLEY HIMSELF

  Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes—first African American students admitted to UGA  Riots and protests by the white students that were opposed to the school’s desegregation resulted in temporary suspension for Hunter and Holmes  After court orders, they returned to campus to finish their studies  Both graduated in 1963 Admission to Hamilton Holmes and Charlayne Hunter to UGA

HUNTER AND HOLMES AT THEIR GRADUATION WALKING AROUND CAMPUS WALKING ON ATHEN SIDEWALKS

  Desegregation coalition formed in Albany, Georgia on November 17, 1961  Purpose—to integrate bus station waiting rooms  SNCC was involved as well as Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) Albany Movement

  Police arrested the rioters but tried to avoid any dramatic violent incidents to keep from drawing publicity  King was arrested for trying to defend them but was released two weeks later  Result —a biracial coalition was formed to study African-American concerns in Albany Albany Movement

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  August 28,  March was organized by a group of civil rights, labor, and religious organizations.  March was to support the passage of the Civil Rights Act March on Washington

  Estimated number of participants— 250,000  They estimated that 75-80% were black and the rest were white and other minorities.  Martin Luther King delivered his “I Have a Dream” speech advocating racial harmony at the Lincoln Memorial during the march March on Washington

  Gave all Americans the right to be served in facilities which are open to the public  John F. Kennedy was President  The bill included  Banned discrimination in public accommodations  Enabled the US attorney general to join in lawsuits against states’ governments which operated segregated school systems  Withheld federal funds from schools that did not integrate Civil Rights Act of 1964

  Elected January,1974  Atlanta’s first African American mayor  He served 8 years, and then returned for a third term  Brought vendors (food and merchandise) and art work to Atlanta Airport  Hartsfield-Jackson Airport named after him posthumously Election of Maynard Jackson

Maynard Jackson

  Governor of Georgia from  He owned the Pickrick diner but closed it rather than integrating it  Elected to office for his very public stance on segregation Lester Maddox

  After elected, Maddox was actually progressive on many racial matters  He backed significant prison reform, an issue popular with many of the state's African Americans  He appointed more African Americans to government positions than all previous Georgia governors combined, including  The first black officer in the Georgia State Patrol  The first black official to the state Board of Corrections Lester Maddox

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  Mayor of Atlanta  Young helped to organize "citizenship schools" for the SCLC—workshops that taught nonviolent strategies to local people  Young became a trusted aide to Martin Luther King, Jr.  Eventually became the executive director of the SCLC Andrew Young

  Organizing voter registration and desegregation campaigns in Albany; Birmingham and Selma, Alabama; and Washington, D.C.  Before being mayor, he was the first Black elected by Georgians to the US House of Representatives since Reconstruction (1972)  1977—US ambassador to the United Nations  Brought the 1996 Olympics to Atlanta Andrew Young