Rutherford Appleton Laboratory

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Matter waves 1 Show that the wavelength of an electron can be expressed as where E is the energy in volts and  in nm.
Advertisements

1 Copyright © 2010, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Fig 2.1 Chapter 2.
1 INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL THEORY 2 What is Electricity? The controlled flow of electrons in an electrical circuit. A circuit must always be a complete.
Jeopardy Q 1 Q 6 Q 11 Q 16 Q 21 Q 2 Q 7 Q 12 Q 17 Q 22 Q 3 Q 8 Q 13
Jeopardy Q 1 Q 6 Q 11 Q 16 Q 21 Q 2 Q 7 Q 12 Q 17 Q 22 Q 3 Q 8 Q 13
Title Subtitle.
0 - 0.
DIVIDING INTEGERS 1. IF THE SIGNS ARE THE SAME THE ANSWER IS POSITIVE 2. IF THE SIGNS ARE DIFFERENT THE ANSWER IS NEGATIVE.
MULT. INTEGERS 1. IF THE SIGNS ARE THE SAME THE ANSWER IS POSITIVE 2. IF THE SIGNS ARE DIFFERENT THE ANSWER IS NEGATIVE.
Addition Facts
Multi Beamlett Extraction Experiments and Sector Magnet Field Investigation.
1 Diamond RAL Particle Physics Masterclass 12 March 2003 Glenn Patrick
11 th RAL Masterclass Introduction Glenn Patrick Rutherford Appleton Laboratory 12 – 14 March 2008.
Experimental Particle Physics PHYS6011 Joel Goldstein, RAL
ZMQS ZMQS
How Do Particle Accelerators Work?. If you have an older tv, you own an accelerator! Acceleration occurs when a charged particle falls through a voltage.
Detectors and Accelerators
How have advances in particle accelerator technology helped in the discovery of quarks?
3/2003 Rev 1 I.2.9 – slide 1 of 35 Session I.2.9 Part I Review of Fundamentals Module 2Basic Physics and Mathematics Used in Radiation Protection Session.
VOORBLAD.
15. Oktober Oktober Oktober 2012.
Two protons, each of charge 1. 6 x C are 2 x 10-5m apart
Egil Lillestøl, CERN & Univ. of Bergen
1..
© 2012 National Heart Foundation of Australia. Slide 2.
QUANTA TO QUARKS DOT POINT 4.4 Identity ways by which physicists continue to develop their understanding of matter, using accelerators as a probe to investigate.
GG Consulting, LLC I-SUITE. Source: TEA SHARS Frequently asked questions 2.
Addition 1’s to 20.
Particle Physics Chris Parkes Accelerators & Detectors
25 seconds left…...
Equal or Not. Equal or Not
Slippery Slope
Week 1.
Lecture 4. High-gain FELs X-Ray Free Electron Lasers Igor Zagorodnov Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron TU Darmstadt, Fachbereich May 2014.
Lecture 3. Low-gain and high-gain FELs X-Ray Free Electron Lasers Igor Zagorodnov Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron TU Darmstadt, Fachbereich May.
Introduction to the LHCb masterclass exercise
We will resume in: 25 Minutes.
1 Unit 1 Kinematics Chapter 1 Day
PSSA Preparation.
Chapter 30 Induction and Inductance In this chapter we will study the following topics: -Faraday’s law of induction -Lenz’s rule -Electric field induced.
1 Welcome RAL Particle Physics Masterclasses March 2004 Bill Scott
Particle Accelerator. Particle accelerators It is a device that provides – forces on charge particles – by some combinations of electric & magnetic fields,
1 Stefan Spanier, 22 October 2008 Research Participation in Collider Based Particle Physics Stefan Spanier University of Tennessee, Knoxville.
A Short Introduction to Particle Physics What do we know? How do we know? What next? “Is there physics beyond the Standard Model?”
Accelerators Mark Mandelkern. For producing beams of energetic particles Protons, antiprotons and light ions heavy ions electrons and positrons (secondary)
Particle Acceleration for High Energy Physics Experiments Matthew Jones June, 2006.
Laura Gilbert How We Study Particles. The basics of particle physics! Matter is all made up of particles… Fundamental particle: LEPTON Fundamental particles:
Particle Accelerators and Detectors
Exploring the Universe with Particles and Rays: α, β, γ, X, Cosmic, … Toby Burnett Prof, UW.
Accelerator Physics  Basic Formalism  Linear Accelerators  Circular Accelerators  Magnets  Beam Optics  Our Accelerator Greg LeBlanc Lead Accelerator.
The Physics of Accelerators C.R. Prior Rutherford Appleton Laboratory and Trinity College, Oxford CERN Accelerator SchoolLoutraki, Greece, Oct 2000 C.R.
Introduction to Accelerators Eric Torrence University of Oregon QuartNet 2005 Special Thanks to Bernd Surrow
 Particle accelerators Particle accelerators are divided into two by the way they were built: 1-)Linear 2-)Circular.
Elementary Particles Instrumentation Accelerators Dec 15, 2014.
March 2011Particle and Nuclear Physics,1 Experimental tools accelerators particle interactions with matter detectors.
Particle Accelerators
Chapter 2 Particle accelerators: From basic to applied research Rüdiger Schmidt (CERN) – Version E1.0.
An Introduction To Particle Accelerators A-Level Physics.
Particle Physics: Status and Perspectives Part 3: Accelerators Manfred Jeitler.
Eric Prebys Fermilab 4/15/2008.  430 BCE – Greek Philosopher Empedocles theorizes that all things are made of four elements: Air, Earth, Fire, and Water.
1 Welcome RAL Particle Physics Masterclasses March 2003 Glenn Patrick
Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
BIG SCIENCE ATTRACTORS
Particle accelerators
CERN The world’s largest Particle Physics Research Center in Geneva
Synchrotron Ring Schematic
Particle Accelerators
Experimental Particle Physics PHYS6011
Presentation transcript:

Rutherford Appleton Laboratory RAL Masterclasses 2009 INTRODUCTION A Very Brief Guide to Accelerators Glenn Patrick Rutherford Appleton Laboratory http://hepwww.rl.ac.uk/pust/masterclass.htm

Microscopes & Telescopes ~ 400 Years Ago Galileo’s telescope, ~1609, Florence Magnification ~30 Compound microscope ~1670, Glasgow Magnification ~30 Micrographia Robert Hooke, 1665 Siderius Nuncius, Galileo Galilei, 1610

Small Scales and Large Scales - Today Large Hadron Collider (2009) Hubble Ultra Deep Field (2004)

Particle Physics Astronomy E = mc2 E  kT

Higher energies means shorter wavelengths. Probing Matter Higher energies means shorter wavelengths.

Cosmic Particles Accelerators! Interactions in the atmosphere Low flux of particles Difficult to identify/control Accelerators!

Charged Particle Beams Force on charged particle is given by the Lorentz Force e+ e- Electric Field Acceleration Magnetic Field Bending Cathode(-) Anode(+) p+ e-

John Cockroft & Ernest Walton Voltage Multiplier 1897 – J.J. Thomson John Cockroft & Ernest Walton Voltage Multiplier Cavendish Laboratory, 1932.

Cockroft/Walton Pre-Injectors 750kV FermiLab 665 kV ISIS, RAL (replaced 2004)

+ + + - + Fermilab (400 MeV) LINEAR ACCELERATORS - Alternating RF voltage. Each step gives a small energy increase to the particle.

2 mile Linear Accelerator, SLAC, Stanford World’s straightest building World’s longest building

Circular Accelerators Cyclotron First circular particle accelerator built by Ernest O. Lawrence & Stanley Livingston at Berkeley in 1930. Energy = 80 keV, Diameter = 13cm 13 cm

Principal Components of a Synchrotron In a Collider, bunches of particles/antiparticles circulate in opposite directions.

Super Proton Synchrotron CERN, Geneva (6km circumference)

Radio Frequency Cavities LEP (CERN) Large Electron Positron Collider (LEP) 1989-2000 27 km circumference 3,000 bending magnets 800 focussing magnets 11,000 revolutions/sec

Electromagnetic waves accelerate particles in the same way that waves propel surfers. Timing is vital!

Correction of chromatic spread. Focussing Magnets Quadrupole (LEP) Strong Focussing Beam alternately focussed in horiz and vert planes. Sextupole (LEP) Correction of chromatic spread.

HERA – Electron Proton Collider (6.3 km) Hamburg, 1992-2007 920 GeV protons 27.5 GeV electrons/positrons p e ɣ proton

Collides protons and anti-protons Tevatron, FermiLab, Chicago Tevatron Main injector Collides protons and anti-protons Energy = 1 TeV (1000 GeV) 4 mile circumference

Synchrotron Radiation Diamond Light Source  e You are here Started operation Feb 2007. Uses synchrotron radiation for studies at molecular/atomic level.

International Linear Collider The Next Generation? ~31 km 250 GeV electrons colliding with 250 GeV positrons 8 February 2007 Reference Design Report 2010 – 2012 Technical Design Phase ? Construction/Operation

Masterclass Programme 09:30 Arrival, Coffee and Doughnuts (R18) 10:00 Welcome Caroline Callard 10:05 A Very Brief Guide to Accelerators Dr. Glenn Patrick 10:20 Fundamentals of Particle Physics Dr. Stefania Ricciardi 11:00 Introducing Diamond Dr. David Price 11:15 Introducing ISIS Dr. Martyn Bull 11:35 Group A: Visit to ISIS or Diamond Group B: Computer Session Drs. Tricoli & Wielers 12:30 Buffet Lunch (R18) 13:30 The Large Hadron Collider Dr. Kristian Harder 14:15 Group B: Visit to ISIS or Diamond Group A: Computer Session Drs. Tricoli & Wielers 15:15 Tea 15:30 Applications of Particle Accelerators Dr. Rob Edgecock 16:00 Question and Answer Session 16:15+ End Material can be found at: http://hepwww.rl.ac.uk/pust/masterclass.htm

Energy Units! Electron Volt – Energy gained by an electron when accelerated in an electric field through a potential difference of 1 volt. 1 eV = 1 electron Volt Energy to ionise hydrogen = 13.6 eV 1 keV(kilo) = 1,000 eV = 103 eV Medical X-ray ~ 200 keV 1 MeV(Mega) = 1,000,000 eV = 106 eV Alpha particle decay of uranium 4.2 MeV 1 GeV(Giga) = 1,000,000,000 eV = 109 eV LEP collider beam (1989-200) = 45 GeV 1 TeV(Tera) = 1,000,000,000,000 eV = 1012 eV Highest energy accelerator in world = 1 TeV (Tevatron) Highest energies found in cosmic rays (>1020 eV)