Evolution: Isn't Evolution Just a Theory?

_______________ _______________ Carolus Linnaeus, 1735Georges Buffon, 1749Erasmus Darwin, 1749Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, nd to classify organisms based on their _________ traits Proposed that species shared ________________ ancestors Proposed that more complex life forms arose from _______ complex life forms less Proposed that changes in an environment caused changes in ________________ organisms

CATASTROPHISM GRADUALISM UNIFORMITARIANISM

Theory proposed by _______________________. States that ______________________________ such as ___________ and _______________________________ have shaped ________________ and caused species to become ___________________ in the process. CATASTROPHISM Georges Cuvier Natural disasters floods volcanic eruptions landforms extinct GRADUALISM Theory proposed by ______________________. States that the changes in landfoms resulted from ___________________ that had occurred over a long period of time. Theory proposed by ______________________. States that the changes in geologic processes that shape the Earth are uniform through time. _________________________________________ _________________________________________ UNIFORMITARIANISM James Hutton slow changes Charles Lyell The changes have happened in the past and are ONGOING!

TYPES OF FEET CLAWED WEBBED PADDED HOOVED TYPES OF BEAKS FISH NUTSFISH INSECTS

COLORATION SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS ADAPTATION ACTIVITY BODY FAT AND THICK FUR

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1. It survives 2. It passes on his traits _______________ _______________________

1. It survives 2. It passes on its traits ______________________________________

_____________________________ Natural Selection- process in which something in nature does the selecting of what will survive and what will not survive. ____________________ - ______________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Principles of NS

PREDATORS WEATHER CONDITIONS RESOURCE SHORTAGES DISEASE ____________________________ _________________________________________ _______________________________________________ ____________________________

Adaptations = traits Traits = genes Adaptations = genes ______________________________

1.A CHANGE IN THE DNA CODE 2.ARE NATURAL EVENTS 3.CAN BE A SOURCE FOR NEW TRAITS 4.THESE NEW TRAITS CAN BE ADAPTATIONS BECAUSE THEY MIGHT HELP THE ORGANISM SURVIVE IN ITS ENVIRONMENT __________________________________ _______________________________________ ______________________________________________________

BROWN COAT TO WHITE COAT The white deer is more easily seen by predators. It will most likely not survive and reproduce. BROWN COAT TO WHITE COAT The brown rabbit is more easily seen by predators. It will most likely not survive and reproduce. __________________

_______________________________________________________ Species – A group of living things that can breed with others of the same species and form ‘FERTILE’ offspring. Fertile – being able to reproduce by forming egg or sperm cells ________________________________________

New species are formed by: 1.Animals within the same species are separated by a barrier, (water, mountains, etc). a.They live apart for thousands of years with different living conditions. 2. Natural selection takes place within the two separate regions. 3. Individuals with the desirable traits for their specific environment survive and reproduce. 4. Over time the two groups can become different species as they develop different adaptations. _________ __________________________ _________ _____________________ _______________ _____________________ _________

1.Seed Eaters 2.Plant Eaters 3.Insect Eaters 4.Cactus Eaters

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HUMANS COME FROM MONKEYS

OLD WORLD MONKEYS APES Hamadryas baboon (Africa) Patas monkey (Africa) Congo Gorilla NEW WORLD MONKEYS Prehensile tails (spider monkeys) Howler Monkey Have tails Nostrils Point Upwards Some have tails Nostrils Point Downwards No tails

PRIMATE EVOLUTION PROSIMIANS NEW WORLD MONKEYS OLD WORLD MONKEYS APES HUMANS 40 MILLION30 MILLION10 MILLION “Before Monkey”

10 MILLION YEARS AGO APES AUSTRALOPITHECUS HOMO SAPIEN SAPIENSAPIEN HOMOHOMO SAPIEN HOMO ERECTUSERECTUS HOMO HABILISHABILIS Walked upright, very short. “Lucy” Used tools, somewhat taller. Lived in Africa Lived in Europe. Continental drift? Neanderthal Cave Drawings, This is us! _____________________________________ Did humans evolve?humansArdi

Hominid Skulls What do the differences in the skull suggest? ____________________________ Virtual lab – Hominoid skulls

C A B Supraorbital index : Using a metric ruler, 1. Multiply the value of BC by 100 ____ 2. Divide the result by AC ____ Acurate measurements are taken to compare fossils. A line is drawn over the eye socket from front to back of skull A line is drawn under the eye socket from front to back of skull A line is drawn from the highest point on the top of skull to lower line. What is the supraorbital index measuring? _____________________________ Size of Brain / Intelligence

PRIMATE EVOLUTION PROSIMIANS NEW WORLD MONKEYS OLD WORLD MONKEYS APES HUMANS 40 MILLION30 MILLION10 MILLION “Before Monkey”

1.Remains of once-living things 2.Found in earth’s crust within sedimentary rock Oldest Layer of Rock Newest Layer of Rock Simple Organisms Complex Organisms ____________________

__ Body Comparisons __ ___ Fossils ______________________________________________________ __ Embryos _____________________

1. Body Structure a. Bones: (Number of bones, Length of bones, etc) b. Skulls: (Size of, Position of, Similarities of, etc) 2. Body Chemistry a. DNA b. Blood Shows common traits in organisms which determine relationships/evolution ______________________________ _________________________________________ _______________________________ ______________ __________

Evolution from different ______________ of animals Evolution within same _______________ of animals Skulls of fossil Hominidae Australopithecus robustus Homo habilis & H. sapiens Homo erectusHomo sapiens neanderthalis CLASSES ORDER Structure of organisms

____________________ 1.The study of embryos 2.Show common ancestry 3.Show common traits Which one is human? How does evolution work VESTIGIAL STRUCTURE - body part that no longer has a function appendix and pink lump in eye of humans

1.English __________________ who wrote the __________________________ 2.Developed the ___________________________ 3.Stated that evolution is a _______________ in the ______________ ______________ of a group of organisms over time. Naturalist Origin of the Species Theory of Evolution change hereditaryfeatures Controversy

Charles Darwin traveled on the HMS Beagle from England to the ______________ ______________ It is on these islands that Darwin made his observations and compiled ______________ ______________ ______________ Galapagos Islands evidence of the evolutionary process.

1._______________________: the difference in the physical traits of an individual from those of other individuals in the group to which it belongs. ________________________: Variation that occurs among members of different species ________________________: Variation that occurs among individuals of the same species. 2._______________________: The feature(s) that allow an organism to better survive in its environment. Adaptations can lead to genetic change in a _______________________________________. Variation Interspecific Variation Intraspecific Variation Adaptation Population over time

1.LIVING THINGS OVERPRODUCE 2.THERE IS VARIATION AMONG OFFSPRING 3.THERE IS A STRUGGLE TO SURVIVE 4.NATURAL SELECTION IS ALWAYS TAKING PLACE ___________________________________________ ____________________________________________ __________________ Evolution: Why Does Evolution Matter Now?

1.COMPETITION: __struggle among living things to get their needs______________________________ 2.EVOLUTION : _change in hereditary features in a group of organisms over time_________________ 3.EXTINCT : _life-form that no longer exists_____________________________________________ 4.FERTILE : ___can produce viable egg and sperm___________________________________ 5.FOSSIL : __remains of once living things from the past_____________________________________ 6.NATURAL SELECTION _something in a living thing’s surroundings will determine if it will survive__ 7.NEW-WORLD MONKEY _tails that can grasp and nostrils that open upward__________________ 8.OLD-WORLD MONKEY __cannot grasp with tails and have downward nostrils_________________ 9.OPPOSABLE THUMB: _thumb that is positioned opposite of other fingers_________________ 10.PRIMATE: _have eyes that face forward and thumbs that grasp_____________________________ 11.SEDIMENTARY ROCK: _form from mud, sand and other fine particles___________________________ 12.SPECIES: __group of living things that can produce fertile offspring__________________________ 13.VARIATION: _a trait that makes an individual different from others of its species________________ 14.VESTIGIAL STRUCTURE: _body part that no longer has a function appendix and pink lump in eye of humans