RECONSTRUCTION 10% Plan Johnson Presidency Radical Republicans Reconstruction Compromise of 1877

Andrew Johnson Lincoln: 10% Plan, 13 Amendment Lincoln: 10% Plan, 13 Amendment –Slavery abolished in 1865 Two Camps on Reconstruction Two Camps on Reconstruction –Moderates: abolish slavery, not much else –Radical Republicans: Prevent rebel leaders From returning to power, protect black rights From returning to power, protect black rights Andrew Johnson becomes president Andrew Johnson becomes president –Poor, southern Jacksonian, racist Democrat –10% plan, pardons 13,000 except rich –Black codes: South restricts black rights

Andrew Johnson

Radical Republicans Leaders: T. Stevens, C. Sumner, G. Julian Freedman’s Bureau: 1st Fed welfare –A–A–A–Agency: food, schools, hospitals, legal aid –I–I–I–It only ran from Land Reform: Sherman 40 acres & mule –F–F–F–Freedman’s Bureau distributed rebel land: 300,000 to 40,000 people –S–S–S–Southern Homestead Act of 1866: Only 4,000 people take offer.

Republicans Fight with Johnson Johnson vetoes Civil Rights bill Johnson vetoes Civil Rights bill Congress overrides veto Congress overrides veto Passes 14 Amendment Passes 14 Amendment –All people born in US citizen –All people “equal protection under the law.” Congressional Reconstruction Congressional Reconstruction –50% loyalty, agree to 14 Amend –5 military zones 15 Amendment: all have right to vote 15 Amendment: all have right to vote –regardless of “race, color…”

Impeachment Johnson replaces Republican officers Johnson replaces Republican officers –With Democrats He threatens to fire Sec of Defense He threatens to fire Sec of Defense Congress passes 11 articles of impeachment. ”Last battle on Slavery.” Congress passes 11 articles of impeachment. ”Last battle on Slavery.” Johnson 7 votes shy of impeachment Johnson 7 votes shy of impeachment President has right to fire cabinet President has right to fire cabinet Height of Radical Republican power Height of Radical Republican power

Johnson Impeachment Trial

Political Fights Ku Klux Klan: grassroots terrorist Ku Klux Klan: grassroots terrorist –Organization used to kill and intimidate –Blacks Republicans –Republicans lose control of GA, LA 1868 Ku Klux Klan Act: Grant sends troops Ku Klux Klan Act: Grant sends troops –But federal government loses will power State by state Democrats return to power State by state Democrats return to power –By 1877

Blacks return to quasi plantation Freed black labor: wages? Contracts? Freed black labor: wages? Contracts? Sharecropping: maintains family unit Sharecropping: maintains family unit –They work their own plot of land –50% of crop goes to landowner –Debt peonage –Entrenched poverty –Jim Crow Laws: segregation, 2 nd class

Compromise of : GOP Hayes v. Dems Tilden 1877: GOP Hayes v. Dems Tilden Tilden wins 300,000 more pop votes Tilden wins 300,000 more pop votes 4 states in dispute: commission 4 states in dispute: commission Compromise: Hayes will serve as president Compromise: Hayes will serve as president –Dems agree to honor 14 Amendment –GOP agree to withdraw troops –Build southern transcontinental railroad –Pick a Democrat Post Master

Rutherford Hayes:

1876 Campaign Poster

Chapter 16 13,14,15 Amendments 13,14,15 Amendments Freedman’s Bureau Freedman’s Bureau Sharecropping Sharecropping Jim Crow Laws Jim Crow Laws Compromise of 1877 Compromise of 1877