US History Fall Midterm Review

Unit 5: The Late Antebellum Era ( )

When Americans were colonists ( ), the western border was the Appalachian Mountains

After the Revolutionary War, the western border of the U.S. was the Mississippi River

After Jefferson’s Louisiana Purchase in 1803, the western border was the Rocky Mountains

By 1850, the western border was the Pacific Ocean from Oregon to California Annexation of Texas (1845) Annexation of Oregon (1846) Mexican-American War ( ), Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, Mexican Cession (1848) California Gold Rush (1849)

In 1820, Henry Clay negotiated the Missouri Compromise Missouri became a slave state Maine broke from Massachusetts & became a free state Slavery was outlawed in all western territories above the latitude of 36°30'

The Compromise of 1850 solved the sectional dispute between North & South California entered as a free state The people of Utah & New Mexico could vote to allow or ban slavery (popular sovereignty) A stronger Fugitive Slave Law was created that allowed Southerners to recapture slaves in the North The slave trade ended in Washington DC

Abolitionists

The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854

Unit 6: The Civil War & Reconstruction ( )

The Confederate States of America

Advantages of the Union & Confederacy

The Civil War Antietam, 1862: Convinced England & France not to join war with CSA & convinced Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation Vicksburg, 1863: Cut off Southern access to Mississippi River & led to Ulysses Grant’s promotion Gettysburg, 1863: The “turning point” of the Civil War

Emancipation Proclamation in 1863

Reconstruction:

■Presidential Reconstruction (A Johnson) –States could come back into the USA once they ratified the 13 th Amendment –Southerners created black codes to keep African-Americans inferior

■Congressional Reconstruction (led by the “Radical Republicans”) –The South was placed under military rule & divided into 5 zones –Southern states were forced to ratify the 14 th & 15 th Amendments

Reconstruction Legislation ■From 1865 to 1877, blacks were protected & given rights as citizens –13 th Amendment –13 th Amendment ended slavery –14 th Amendment –14 th Amendment made it illegal to discriminate against people due to race, gender, religion –15 th Amendment –15 th Amendment gave all black men the right to vote –Freedman’s Bureau created to provide food, 40 acres & a mule, & schools for African-Americans

Radical Reconstruction ( ) Created 5 military districts to enforce Reconstruction But, Radical Reconstruction was not adequate to enforce equality in the South Black codes were common in many parts of the South A secret society called the Ku Klux Klan was created to keep blacks inferior & return “Redeemer Democrats” to power

■Andrew Johnson’s Impeachment: impeached –President Johnson interfered with the “Radical Reconstruction” plan & was the 1 st president to be impeached –But he was not removed from office

■The end of Reconstruction: –The “Second Corrupt Bargain” (the “Compromise of 1877”) –President Hayes removed federal troops & ended military zones –“Jim Crow” era began ( ) –Legal segregation in the South

Jim Crow Era (1877 to 1954) ■Jim Crow laws keep blacks from voting –Literacy tests—voters have to read –Poll taxes—voters must pay a tax –Grandfather clauses—allowed whites to avoid literacy test & poll taxes ■In Plessy v Ferguson (1896), the Supreme Court said segregation was OK (“separate but equal”)

“Jim Crow” South from 1877 to 1954